tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19008006344793460462024-03-12T18:35:45.545-07:00What Sister Never Knew and Father Never Told YouAn unofficial History of the Catholic ChurchUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger1101125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-67513919901762332642016-08-07T14:34:00.001-07:002016-08-07T14:35:07.345-07:00OK--What Is The Agenda Behind Cardinal Sarah and the "Ad Orientatem" Movement? VI<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcwHFGIY4FvcXJk_MOwBoSNRSFUQq174jYVCLFRoi1vLHs8imbGu1L-IaugFSDJwt5dnJwwgv4vA29BPLBGN-Hm4qwK_qqx5lYWugShbW5fILWHJKKzgTWKdBFa95uQVNNkcscyFb_pCh4/s1600/RUssicum-Ikonostase.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcwHFGIY4FvcXJk_MOwBoSNRSFUQq174jYVCLFRoi1vLHs8imbGu1L-IaugFSDJwt5dnJwwgv4vA29BPLBGN-Hm4qwK_qqx5lYWugShbW5fILWHJKKzgTWKdBFa95uQVNNkcscyFb_pCh4/s320/RUssicum-Ikonostase.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">The Iconostasis at the Russicum<br />in Rome. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;">The Roman Rite has a very unique genius. The various Eastern Rites and the Rites of
Northern Europe were highly influenced by the Court ceremonial of the Emperor
or Kings, but Rome was ruled by the Pope and although the papal court developed
its own ceremonial it was mainly liturgical and not imperial at least up to the
Renaissance papacies. And while the
papal liturgies were more elaborate than the liturgy in a parish or monastic
church—due to the presence of the pope—the rite, as practiced in the local
churches maintained the Spartan dignity of its ancient character. However, even the papal liturgies were more
austere than the elaborate Gallican Rites practiced north of the Alps. The vestments in Rome remained the simple
dignified vesture of roman magistrates—the alb, the chasuble, the maniple and the
stole. The deacon wore a dalmatic in place of the chasuble, though there were
rituals in which the deacon too wore a chasuble. The vestments were almost
invariably of white wool—the wearing of white being a sign of one’s Roman
citizenship. (Red came to be used, as it
was in civil life, for the color of mourning.
It also was used for commemoration of martyrs—perhaps originally due to
its connection with death—and for the Passion of the Lord.) The basic structure of the liturgy: three
processions (entrance, gifts, and communion) each followed by a collect
remained clearly evident with the Readings placed between the first two and the
Eucharistic prayer placed between the second and the third. The congregation
stood through the entire liturgy, though there was seating for the clergy
during the readings and homilies. (In
the east there were frequent prostrations in imitation of the courtly
etiquette.) A Byzantine priest who has taught
liturgy in the seminary pointed out to me that the biblical model for the Roman
liturgy is the gathering around the throne of the Lamb in the Book of
Revelation singing the Thrice Holy Hymn while the liturgical model for the
Liturgy in the Byzantine Rite is Christ the Priest entering into the heavenly
sanctuary in the Letter to the Hebrews.
This makes some sense when one familiarizes oneself with the appropriate
scriptural texts and the very different <i>geist</i>
of each of the two rites. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;">My chief objection to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad apsidem</i> position of the priest in the Roman Rite is that it
bespeaks an ecclesiology in which the priest “says Mass” for the people rather than
celebrating the Eucharist with them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad apsidem</i> position privatizes the
Mass as the action of the priest when in fact it is the action of the entire
assembly, priest and people together.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
East, with its very different <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">geist</i>,
manages to include the faithful in the key actions of the liturgy despite the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad orientem</i> position and even the
presence of icon screens or sanctuary curtains.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;">The Byzantine—and other Eastern Rites—have
developed a very different <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">geist</i>, one
that is highly dialogical, than the Roman Rite.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Byzantine Rite is a series of litanies sung among the
(con)celebrant(s) at the altar, the deacon(s) standing at the Holy Doors, and
the faithful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is a constant
exchange of sung dialogue between the altar and the faithful. Even the
Eucharistic Prayer contains one of these dialogical litanies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And don’t forget the priest is not only
standing with his back to the people, but the iconostasis blocks most views of
the altar entirely.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(In fact, in the
more strictly observant churches the Holy Doors are often closed, at least
during penitential seasons, and the curtain behind them is drawn blocking any
view whatsoever.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet the sung
interchange keeps the faithful aware that they are an integral part of the
celebration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;">In the West, however the prayers are usually said
by the priest alone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kyrie, Gloria,
Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei are sung together in a high Mass, but usually by a
choir, and high Masses were rare: perhaps one a Sunday in most parishes with the
remaining five or six Sunday Masses being a simple low or “read Mass” with only
the priest and altar servers responding.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;">So the issue for me really is this: is the
Eucharist something the priest does on behalf of the people or is it something
that the entire Body of Christ—the Church assembled—does together with the
priest, as a sacramental presence of Christ in the assembly, does in
unity. The Tradition of the Church, as
found in the Fathers of the Church, make it clear that the Liturgy is the work
of the entire People of God albeit in their different functions. The versus
populum position of the priest at the altar, which is the authentic heritage of
the Roman Rite, preserves this in the face of a rite that would otherwise
reduce the People of God from exercising their baptismal royal and priestly
dignity to mere recipients of grace through the mediatorship of the ordained
priest. There is no way that I want to
go back to that faulty ecclesiology, nor do I believe the vast majority of the
faithful want to revert to being strangers at the Table of the Lord. My experience of those seminarians and clergy
who wish to go back is that they have a need to dominate and control others
that stems from an underdeveloped psycho-sexual self-identity and want to use
the Liturgy for their own aggrandizement.
They become, at least in their own minds, the indispensible mediators of
grace through whom alone we can approach the Throne of Grace and without whom
we would be bereft of the Love of God. Pray
for them for the judgment will be severe.</span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-91093895415796998632016-07-31T13:46:00.000-07:002016-07-31T13:46:24.328-07:00OK--What Is The Agenda Behind Cardinal Sarah and the "Ad Orientatem" Movement? V<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDt5WDJG5V13UMltdossX4BcIOZ4KJxEpjyh_u3KZ1LI7enye0Cj8PwinLhuD8oUvTI5QMi4VaJUiL1zyv1HZ5n0bIjTjYJAjP0rUIeeUjQuiEicas-_RrAcP44fnzxQuKkDgB7jgZA1vA/s1600/holy+doors.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDt5WDJG5V13UMltdossX4BcIOZ4KJxEpjyh_u3KZ1LI7enye0Cj8PwinLhuD8oUvTI5QMi4VaJUiL1zyv1HZ5n0bIjTjYJAjP0rUIeeUjQuiEicas-_RrAcP44fnzxQuKkDgB7jgZA1vA/s320/holy+doors.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">The Bishop prepares to enter the<br />altar through the HolyDoors in<br />the Russian Rite. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Sorry for the long time between posts--it has been a busy week with lots of summer visitors. Hope you all are enjoying your summer as well. </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let me
begin by saying that I don’t have a problem with the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad orientem</i> (or even <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad
absidem</i>) position of celebrating the Liturgy where it comprises an
authentic liturgical tradition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From an
aesthetic point of view (as opposed to a theological/ecclesiological
perspective), I even prefer it. I often attend or even concelebrate Liturgy in
the Byzantine Rite in which the liturgy is invariably celebrated with the
celebrant’s back to the people—but for legitimate reasons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">First of all let’s distinguish between <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad orientem</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad absidem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>All <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad orientem</i> liturgies are ad <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad absidem</i> but not all <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad absidem</i> liturgies are <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad orientem</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ad
orientem</i> refers to the worship space itself faced eastwards towards the
rising Sun.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was an ancient custom
prevalent through the east from at least the fourth century and through the
west—excepting Rome and a few other places south of the Alps that never adopted
the practice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The idea of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad orientem</i> is for the worshippers to
face the rising Sun, symbol of the Resurrected Christ, as the Eucharist was
celebrated at Sunday Dawn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Curiously in
some places, again particularly in Italy and notably in Ravenna and Lucca,
while the churches were usually oriented, the older custom, drawn from Rome,
with the priest facing the people over the altar (Mass <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">versus populum</i>) was retained as we can see at San Vitale and at San
Apollinaire in Classe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Indeed even when
one examines the remaining pre-Vatican II altars in the Cathedral of Florence,
Siena, Orvieto, one notices that they were all constructed after the liturgical
Reforms of the Council of Trent to replace older free-standing altars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is no proof that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad orientem</i> celebration was only introduced to much of Italy in the
late 16<sup>th</sup> century, but it is a significant indication that the
question should be studied in more depth. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">If the purpose of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad orientem </i>position being for priest and faithful alike to face
the rising sun, where the worship space itself is not oriented it makes
absolutely no sense for the priest to face away from the congregation unless it
is part of the tradition of the rite itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Such a position is not <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad orientem
</i>but <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad apsidem</i> (facing the rear
wall of the church, the apse).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As shown
in earlier postings, the traditional position of the presider in the Roman Rite
is to face the people over the altar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since
the sun rises in the east, the concept of some mythical “liturgical east” is
patently ridiculous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>East is east—where
the sun rises, any other point on the compass is either North, West, or
South.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">As I have pointed out in previous posts the
practice of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad orientem</i> has been of
very ancient origins in the East. We need remember that Sicily and much of
Southern Italy (as far north as Naples) and the area around Ravenna was under
Byzantine Rule until the 12<sup>th</sup> century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Greek Rite was used in the churches of
this area.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In northern Europe ties
between the Court of Charlemagne and the Emperor at Constantinople introduced
much Greek ceremonial into both the royal court as well as into the
Church.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Liturgy developed far more
elaborately in Northern Europe, particularly in France than it did in Rome
which kept to its simple, almost Spartan, liturgical tradition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The various dioceses of France, Britain, the
Rhineland, the Low Countries all developed their own particular customs over
the 8<sup>th</sup> through the 14<sup>th</sup> centuries. These rites are
collectively known as “Gallican Rites.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Spanish church as well developed its own
unique and elaborate rites. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of
these rites were renounced in favor of the 1570 Missal of Pius V after the
Council of Trent, however many customs—the number of candles on the altar, the
use of specific liturgical colors—were not only retained but found their way
into the Missal of Pius V replacing older Roman practices.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before the revisions of Pius V, missals for
the various rites concentrated mostly on the liturgical texts and often did not
include detailed rubrics; at the time of the Council of Trent, however,
rubrical conformity became a real priority and the lack of detailed rubrics in
the Roman books was supplemented by rubrics borrowed from the various medieval
rites.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also Pius V himself was a
Dominican and the Dominicans had a very elaborate and detailed rite,
predisposing the pontiff towards abandoning Roman simplicity in favor of a more
baroque approach to worship that matched the architecture of the churches being
built—or renovated—in Rome at the time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">When </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">May 24, 2003 Cardinal
Castrillon Hoyos celebrated the Tridentine Mass in the Basilica of Saint Mary
Major, the first celebration according to the Missal of Pius V since its being
superseded by the Missal of Paul VI in 1970,many of the pilgrims who had come
were outraged because the Mass was celebrated <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">versus populum</i> and not <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad
apsidem </i>(remember, Saint Mary Major’s faces north, not east, thus not <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad orientem</i>).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What they totally ignored is that it is not
possible to celebrate <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad apsidem</i> at
Saint Mary Major’s as the altar stands over the open <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">confessio</i> that leads down to a niche containing the presumed manger
in which the Christ child was placed after this birth and upon which the altar
is built to enshrine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Consequently the
high altar is approachable from only three sides.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Indeed the papal altars in all four major
basilicas are all designed for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">versus
populum</i> celebration and even before Vatican II, the popes celebrated facing
the congregation over the altar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">I am not opposed to <i>ad orientem</i> or even <i>ad apsidem</i> celebrations in general.
Certainly in those rites to which they an inherent part of the tradition
they make sense. Indeed in some Eastern
Rites that have latinized to the point of <i>versus
populum</i> celebrations, <i>ad orientem</i>
should be restored. When permission is
granted for one or another of the north-European rites: Sarum, York, Rite of
Paris, for example, it makes sense to used the <i>ad apsidem</i> position. The
same would go for the medieval rites of the religious orders—the Dominicans,
the Carmelites, the Carthusians. On the
other hand these rites are meant not for pastoral care of the faithful but are
used out of historical or antiquarian curiosity and should be fairly
limited. But where the Roman Rite should
be used, it should be used in its integrity which includes <i>versus populum</i> celebration.</span></span><!--EndFragment-->
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-87946344321648240912016-07-22T19:02:00.000-07:002016-07-22T19:02:17.078-07:00OK--What Is The Agenda Behind Cardinal Sarah and the "Ad Orientatem" Movement? IV<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSrX_ya7c1B7HwMCMK9YQrPQWymEIsfo2B2IJc8NWL56enJf6DdC_HsakadWrjTBgpwnFFk5IRQ4Nom3hAJNw3TAN8a8CsO4atK6zbPCYV94m7mmjh6FiuMjZfxracPbXW1lShmaovZegW/s1600/san+giorgio.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSrX_ya7c1B7HwMCMK9YQrPQWymEIsfo2B2IJc8NWL56enJf6DdC_HsakadWrjTBgpwnFFk5IRQ4Nom3hAJNw3TAN8a8CsO4atK6zbPCYV94m7mmjh6FiuMjZfxracPbXW1lShmaovZegW/s1600/san+giorgio.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;">The versus populum altar</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;">at San Giorgio in Velabro</span></span></div>
</td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">There was an interesting line in letter to the
New York Times this morning (July 19<sup>th</sup>). It had nothing to do with the question at
hand: <i>ad apsidem</i> vs. <i>versus populum</i> for the celebration of
the Mass-indeed, it was in the context of the role of historians in commenting
on the current presidential election.
But despite the context, the principle is the same. Historians keep our collective past in focus
as an aid to determine our present (and future) choices. Whether it be our cultural history, our
political history, or our ecclesiastical history we often fall victim to vague
generalizations, popular myths, and incorrect data all if which leads to wrong
conclusions. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Paris is one of my favorite cities and to see
Paris from the air is a thrilling site. You can see the great ship of Notre
Dame sailing eastwards up the Seine towards the rising sun.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Other great ships—Saint Eustache, Saint
Germaine des Pres, Saint Sulpice, Saint Gervais accompanied by a flotilla of
smaller sanctuaries such as the Sainte Chapelle, Saint Julien le Pauvre, Saint
Étienne du Mont, Saint Séverin, Saint Merry, and countless others following in
its wake are a reminder that Parisian Churches face east.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The same could be said for countless other
cities in once-Catholic Europe—Prague, Vienna, Munich, Bamberg.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But curiously, it cannot be said for
Rome.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">The orienting of the Churches was a widespread
practice in the medieval world and, from the earliest days, an
all-but-universal practice in the Christian East.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In these churches the congregation—and
usually the priest—stood facing the Rising Sun to offer the Eucharistic
sacrifice which that Rising Sun signifies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But in Rome the ancient churches face every which way on the axis of the
globe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Saint Peter’ and Saint John
Lateran face west!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Of course, that does
permit the bishop, when presiding <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">versus
Populum</i>, at the main altar, to face east.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Saint Mary Major’s faces north.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Saint Paul’s Outside the Walls on the Via Ostia is the only major
basilica to face east—but even that church, in its original construction, faced
west.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4<sup>th</sup> century San Martino
ai Monti faces Northwest as does near by Santa Praessede.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also nearby, Santa Croce in Gerusalmme, also
4<sup>th</sup> century faces southwest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Santa
Maria in Cosmedin faces southwest while nearby San Giorgio in Velabro faces
almost due north. Across the Tiber, the very important 4<sup>th</sup> century
basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere faces almost due west.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Santa Maria ad Martyres, better known as the
Pantheon, faces south.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
incontrovertible historical/architectural evidence is that the orienting of
churches was not<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>part of the tradition
of the Roman Rite.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">But the question of versus populum was not simply
a matter of the direction of the church building.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Today when visiting the four great papal
basilicas one can see before the central altar a large open well sunk into the
floor and into which pilgrims can descend to venerate the relics that lay
beneath the altar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The position of this
well, known as a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">confessio</i>, makes it
impossible for the presider to stand at the altar with his back to the
people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">confessio</i> is not limited to the basilicas but can be found in other
churches where as well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another common
arrangement found at San Giorgio in Velabro and Santa Maria in Trastevere,
features the altar flush with the front wall of an elevated <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">presbyterium</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Again, the space on the people’s side of the
altar is nothing but open air and it is clear that these altars were designed
for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">versus populum</i> celebrations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Altars built for Mass <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">versus populum </i>were not limited to Rome—they seem to have been
common in Ravenna, seat of the Imperial exarch as well, despite the dependency
of Ravenna on Constantinople where <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad
orientem</i> was a very important theological principle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>North of the Alps the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad orientem</i> tradition took hold and it was only after the Reforms
of the Council of Trent where many non-Roman features were introduced into the
liturgy that the Roman Rite began celebrating with the priest facing away from
the people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Rome, the papal altars
continued to face the people for the celebration of Mass and in those ancient
churches that were built for Mass <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">versus
populum</i> the practice continued without comment or interruption.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
some churches such as San Martino ai Monti new altars were built that enabled
the priest to celebrate <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad apsidem</i>,
that is facing the rear wall of the church.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">An interesting exception in Rome is the church of
Santa Maria Sopra Minerva. The church
was built when the papacy returned from Avignon and it was built by the
Dominican friars. The Dominicans had
their own rite and like most medieval rites oriented the churches whenever
possible. Santa Maria Sopra Minerva was
thus build facing east and presumably the altar was constructed for the <i>ad orientem </i>Mass.</span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-42323130813628444942016-07-19T05:23:00.000-07:002016-07-19T05:23:25.219-07:00OK--What Is The Agenda Behind Cardinal Sarah and the "Ad Orientatem" Movement? III<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-IZ13hXmqLFyIDDr2VKMLiHBegF8MsDev5rkMQoTIZxJ4MTcFqeFk8jYlhwa6UODJtEUlPU-E3crxKmGuoxB6OabGiVm-rsT2YxUfBZYp2ZfB0oI7ZarMgEqUowsKl9hF-p4GbH8FtpMT/s1600/traditional+mass2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-IZ13hXmqLFyIDDr2VKMLiHBegF8MsDev5rkMQoTIZxJ4MTcFqeFk8jYlhwa6UODJtEUlPU-E3crxKmGuoxB6OabGiVm-rsT2YxUfBZYp2ZfB0oI7ZarMgEqUowsKl9hF-p4GbH8FtpMT/s320/traditional+mass2.jpg" width="238" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Verdana;">First of all, before we get further
into this discussion, let me lift—though only a bit—the veil of anonymity that
I keep drawn so tightly about myself. At
the time I began this blog, I had both a desk job in Rome (though not at the
Vatican proper) and a teaching position on a theology faculty. I also had a
number of Krazies after me from various books, articles, talks, tapes etc. that
I had done over the years. In fact I
began the blog primarily as a way of differentiating for the blog-audience the
difference between authentic Catholic Tradition and 1950’s style American
Catholic traditionalism represented by a variety of blog sites managed by
under-catechized self-appointed arbiters of Catholic orthodoxy. It was
important that I be very discreet as not to compromise either my bosses in Rome
or my teaching position. Well, I gave up
my Rome job about eight years ago and more recently have retired from
teaching. I am still not willing to let
“my reading public” know my exact identity, but let me say that I am a Roman
Catholic priest in good standing and a member of a religious Order. I have been a professed religious for just
shy of fifty years and a priest for forty of those years. As I am still active in priestly ministry
with full faculties and in a somewhat unpredictable diocese—or rather, a
diocese with a somewhat unpredictable bishop—I am not ready to give my exact
identity or location. I also want to
point out that while I had never admitted to being a priest or religious, I had
never said anything that denied it—though, some of the things I wrote </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana;">implied that I was one of you (lay people,
you know, the Church’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:%E1%BD%81%23Greek"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ο</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ἱ</span></a></span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana;"> </span></i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8D%CF%82#Greek"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana; text-decoration: none;">πολλοί</span></i></a><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana;">, the Great Unwashed).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anyway, I think we can now move on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Verdana;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">I am old enough to remember the Mass as it was
before Vatican II.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">I was an altar boy
for that Mass.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">I attended that Mass
almost daily from the time I was eleven or twelve.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">The first changes in the Liturgy after
Vatican II took place in my sophomore year of high school but they were pretty
minor—mostly some English during the Liturgy of the Word.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Now that I think of it however, that may have
been the fundamental shift that passed unnoticed.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">We used to speak of The Mass of the
Catechumens and the Mass of the Faithful and now it had become, almost but not
quite exactly corresponding to the above The Liturgy of the Word and the
Liturgy of the Eucharist.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">In the “old
Mass” there were no lay readers to do the readings.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">There were no “Extraordinary Ministers of the
Eucharist” to help with Holy Communion.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">
</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">There were no Leaders of Song to facilitate congregational singing—there
was almost never congregational singing.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">
</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">When there was music, which was relatively rare, it was performed by the
choir or some old warbler up in the loft squeaking through the Agnus Dei.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">There were no ministers of hospitality.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">(There were ushers but their job was limited
to taking up the collection.)</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">The only
lay helpers were the altar servers who were, for the most part, boys (sometimes
men but never women or girls) dressed up as little priests with cassock and
cotta.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">(The Italian word for an altar
server is </span><i style="font-family: Verdana;">cherichetto</i><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> which means a
“little cleric.”)</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">The liturgy itself was in a language which
relatively few—perhaps in an educated society like our own, 10%—could
understand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moreover the prayers were
recited, for the most part, in a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sub
secreto</i> voice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Granted, books could
be purchased with vernacular translations but relatively few people bothered
with these and busied themselves with private prayers of either a devotional or
“meditation” nature while the priest “read Mass.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those in the sanctuary, especially the
priest(s), were dressed very differently than those beyond.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While Catholics tended to dress better for
Church in those days (though never as respectfully as our Protestant neighbors)
the priestly robes were most often over the top with elaborate lace surplices
and albs and outer vestments of silk, brocade, or even velvet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">In the old Mass the liturgical action was
confined to a space segregated from the faithful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The area around the altar was walled off from
the people by a boundary wall formed by the altar rail.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was mean to be a boundary wall—the
legislation was very clear that the space was to be enclosed, even where there
was no communion rail, by a wall “of at least chest-height”—to keep out those
who were not essential to the sacred action.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Women were rarely permitted within the sacred space—generally on their
wedding day but otherwise no, though nuns (and in parishes, widows) could be
permitted in to clean.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In other words,
everything in the liturgy and its environment made it clear that the laity were
there as observers of a sacred action which the clergy performed on their
behalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Mass was a drama in which the priest
approached God on behalf of the people, interceding for them, bringing them assurances
of the Divine mercy, and feeding them (literally feeding—from his hand to their
mouth) with the Bread of Life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All
depended on the priest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was the
intercessor, the mediator of grace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From
his sacred hands salvation was dispensed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The welfare of the people, indeed their only hope for eternal life, was
literally at his hands.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">And so the Fathers generally lived in comfortable
rectories built to give each priest a suite of rooms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were provided three cooked meals a
day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was a housekeeper for their
laundry and to keep their quarters clean.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They drove comfortable black sedans, wore good suits with straw hats in
summer and homburgs in winter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Should
Father condescend to visit your home—in some places they were not allowed to
save to bring communion to the sick or anoint the dying—he was offered the best
food and beverage you could provide and he never left without an “Irish
handshake” that left you ten or twenty dollars lighter in day in a day when
that was real money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">To be fair, if privileged, the life of a priest
was not necessarily easy. There were poor parishes and rural churches to which
troublemaking priests could be assigned without the comforts of life in an
established and staffed rectory. Pastors ruled the roost and often bullied their
assistants with ridiculous rules and curfews.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Once the morning Masses were over there was precious little to do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was before the era of liturgy
committees, parish councils, finance boards, baptismal preparation classes,
school boards, and other collaboration with the parishioners in parish
matters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A night out might mean an Altar
and Rosary Society meeting or leading the rosary at a wake.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Days off were one a week—and not an
overnight; it began after your morning mass and ended at the time the pastor’s
curfew designated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And, of course, a day
off usually meant a day with Mom and Dad—maybe doctors’ appointments or going
along to visit childless great-aunt Bea who was rumored to be worth “a couple
hundred thou.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No wonder alcoholism was
rampant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">But still it was a charmed life of being admired
and kept comfortably away from want or need.
My experience is, however, that very few priests who experienced that
life want to go back to it but there are those younger clergy who see that
today you could have the privilege without the restrictions. The trick is—how to recover the magic and
reendow the priesthood with it. One way,
of course, is the Pope Francis way for the clergy to once again earn the
respect of the faithful by giving the example of a life rooted in the gospel we
preach. The other way, the Cardinal
Sarah way, is to make the Liturgy once again a magical act within the sole
power of the priest and upon which all are dependent for salvation. Magic is so much more fun—and far less hard
work—than the Gospel. </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-62767847878197509582016-07-15T05:59:00.000-07:002016-07-15T05:59:31.324-07:00OK--What Is The Agenda Behind Cardinal Sarah and the "Ad Orientatem" Movement? II<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNop31Q6wSnQwMd0Xk8F63m3jTo6B2TnNhAqrqHK4K-eU2r9Pciv6Snug8j3Nkidhm6RuiEwXZhu5vNdsoDstU38bZCSSW8GCSMEke_m89pYvrxLOkcJZzHzYowSatmIxlLbUivm3xcNg2/s1600/Christ+the+High+Priest+O5H8918.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNop31Q6wSnQwMd0Xk8F63m3jTo6B2TnNhAqrqHK4K-eU2r9Pciv6Snug8j3Nkidhm6RuiEwXZhu5vNdsoDstU38bZCSSW8GCSMEke_m89pYvrxLOkcJZzHzYowSatmIxlLbUivm3xcNg2/s320/Christ+the+High+Priest+O5H8918.jpg" width="236" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">In the previous posting, I laid out a theology of
priesthood rooted in the Patristic tradition of the Church, but
before moving on to Cardinal Sarah, the back-asswards Mass, and what is
the underlying agenda I want to flesh out that patristic theology a bit
more. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Now, as I have often said, while I have a
graduate degree in theology, I am not a theologian but a historian.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This may be why I prefer patristic theology
to the scholastic, neo-scholastic, post-scholastic and—most common
today—pseudo-scholastic theology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When
you work with the Fathers, you are working with historical texts. A historian
can skim across the patristic pond without too much danger of falling in if he
or she just stays with the sources.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">What I think we need to look at to grasp the
patristic approach to the Priesthood, whether the priesthood of the faithful or
the specific priestly ministry of the ordained, as a participation in the
Priesthood of Jesus Christ is the precise nature of the Christian assembly as
the Body of Christ.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Paul makes at least 17 references in his epistles
to the Church being the Body of Christ and this relationship between the Church
and her Lord is rooted in the Resurrection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We must first erase from our consciousness the inherently false vision
of the Resurrection with which we have all been raised.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>First and foremost, the Resurrection of Jesus
Christ was in no way the resuscitation of a corpse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was not like the Raising of Lazarus, or
the daughter of Jairus, or the son of the Widow of Naim.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In those cases a person who had been dead was
brought back to life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Paul makes it
clear that the Resurrection of Christ—an absolutely unique phenomenon in
history-to-date—is a new creation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
is not to say that the physical body of the man who had been Jesus of Nazareth
is still decomposing somewhere outside Jerusalem, but rather that Christ who is
raised from the dead is both radically that same Jesus and yet is equally
radically transformed in a new order of being, one that foreshadows a new order
of being to which we are all called in the parousia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">The second thing we must reconsider is the
meaning of death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the Christian the
moment of death and the passage to new life is not at the time of our corporeal
shut-down but rather the moment of our baptism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In baptism we have surrendered our lives and embraced death and in
baptism we are raised to newness of life—to participation in that new order of
being with Christ.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are members of his
Body.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Paul does not mean this
metaphorically—he is quite literal about it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We are members (limbs, organs, etc.) of the Risen Body of Christ.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is the head and we are the members.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We (not individually but communally) are
Christ and Christ is us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As such all
that can be attributed to Christ can be attributed to us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Christ is the priest and we share in that
priesthood because we compose the Risen Christ.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Christ offers the Sacrifice and we, as his Body, share in that offering
of the Sacrifice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Eucharistic
Sacrifice is, first and foremost, the Sacrifice of the Church because it is the
Sacrifice of Christ who is inseparably united to his Body, the Church.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is only in a secondary—though very
real—way the sacrifice of the priest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That is why the idea of the human priest offering the sacrifice on
behalf of the Church is so patently offensive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It undermines the entire nature of the Church as the Risen Body of
Christ.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">We used to refer to the Church as the mystical
Body of Christ and this was most unfortunate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In English “mystical” has connotations of “spiritual” as opposed to
“real.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For Paul the reality of the
one-and-the-sameness of the Risen Lord with the community of his disciples was
realized on the road to Damascus when Jesus said “I am Jesus whom you
persecute.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Paul had known he was
persecuting the Christian community—but in that revelation he realized that to
persecute the Church was to persecute Christ, that Christ and his Church are
one and indivisibly the same reality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">We make a similar error when we take sacraments
as something “symbolic” rather than “real.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The issue is that symbols are more real than the literal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why do people get upset when they see the
flag being burned or the Scriptures trampled underfoot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s a piece of cloth!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s a book!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>NO! It is not, it is something far more.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Symbols introduce us to levels of reality that transcend the boundaries
of the literal, that open not only our minds but our psyches to visions of
Truth that mere words can’t grasp.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">So when we say that the Bishop is the Symbol or
the Sacrament of Christ the Priest—and admittedly with most of our current crew
it is more a matter of blind faith than of spiritual insight—there is a
profound reality of Christ the High Priest hidden there beneath an excess of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">avoir du pois</i>, surly arrogance, and blind
ambition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Indeed, I cannot but wonder if
this isn’t the main crisis in the Church in the United States today—that the
Sacramental visibility of Christ in the clergy has not been totally obscured in
too many cases by psycho-sexual-spiritual-intellectual immaturity of many with
the ranks of hierarchy and clergy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
read the prayer of ordination of a priest and see to what the priest is
called—it is an amazing thing really.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No
wonder so many of the less worthy want to put things back to Latin—they wouldn’t
have to be confronted by the grace of understanding.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">So to sum it up: we all, by virtue of our
baptism, share in the Sacrificing Priesthood of Christ and thereby we all, in
the specifically unique capacities appropriate to our place in the Christian
community, offer the Sacrifice in union with Christ whose Body we are.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Within the Community of the Body of Christ
there are those who sacramentally re-present the specifically priestly Presence
of Christ.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They have an unique and
indispensible place but the priesthood of Christ does not belong to them alone
but is shared by all who compose the Body of Christ, the Church.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Now—if you were to take this theology of
priesthood seriously, what would liturgy look like? What would the Christian assembly look like
when gathered for worship? How would the
space be arranged? Rather than top-down
pyramidal structure, might it not be concentric circles gathered around an
altar—a community with its sacramental leadership in solid communion with one
another? But more next time. </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-37307014248147844222016-07-11T15:26:00.000-07:002016-07-13T06:18:52.422-07:00OK--What Is The Agenda Behind Cardinal Sarah and the "Ad Orientatem" Movement?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjig1fWYGDS2DI22WEsTZijhbtkqzHW97oVxSbtI6eigsyYGwBP1FvDUpKNvhxwNd5z_9dmIdrmrUn52Tk4qxTq6RpAJ824eLwpw3lUV4RNGuNn-kq5_yGZcpXB_ri9c9ElER6WrX8ulf_h/s1600/christ-enthroned.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjig1fWYGDS2DI22WEsTZijhbtkqzHW97oVxSbtI6eigsyYGwBP1FvDUpKNvhxwNd5z_9dmIdrmrUn52Tk4qxTq6RpAJ824eLwpw3lUV4RNGuNn-kq5_yGZcpXB_ri9c9ElER6WrX8ulf_h/s320/christ-enthroned.jpg" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">Christ the High Priest<br />Byzantine Icon of<br />Christ in Bishop's Robes</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><span style="font-size: large;">Ok, I am
going to try to keep this simple so that I can be perfectly clear. Some of the Krazies who troll this site will
be screaming “heresy” as it is so it is important that I aim for precision. And
consequently it has taken a little longer to check my research and make sure
everything is both precise and well-defined.
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;">It won’t be obvious in this first post where I am
heading in the next two or three unless I give you a clue—so let me put it out
front.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What is the real agenda behind this
movement for the priest to face <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad
apsidem</i> (towards the rear wall) for the celebration of Mass? I say <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad apsidem</i> rather than ad orientem
because unless the church itself is built facing east, the presider is not
facing <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ad apsidem</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The term—and indeed the concept—of
“liturgical east” is one of the most patently ridiculous ideas to come down the
pike.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I understand why, in many of the
Church’s Rites, the churches (and those within) are “orientated” and in the
context of those rites where this is an ancient tradition it makes great
sense—but only if it is true east and not a south-by-northeast that we are
somewhat pompously referring to as some mythical “liturgical east.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But we don’t start there: let’s look first to
the root of the problem: the understanding of the ordained priesthood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;">In both Latin and in Greek, the two languages
that serve to shape the Church’s articulation of the deposit of faith, there
are two distinct words that the one English word, priest, is used to
translate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is unfortunate that
English lacks this precision because each of the two words in Latin, like their
Greek counterparts, relates to a substantially different reality.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana";">The Latin word <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sacerdos</i> (and its Greek equivalent </span><span style="color: #051018; font-family: "times new roman";">ὁ</span><span style="color: #051018; font-family: "verdana";"> </span><span style="color: #051018; font-family: "times new roman";">ἱ</span><span style="color: #051018; font-family: "verdana";">ερεύς) </span><span style="font-family: "verdana";">signifies
a cultic figure whose work it is to offer sacrifice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Latin word presbyter (and its Greek Equivalent,
</span><span style="color: #051018; font-family: "times new roman";">ὁ</span><span style="color: #051018; font-family: "verdana";"> </span><span style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "times new roman";"></span><span style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "verdana";">πρεσβύτερος) signifies “elder” in the
sense of a member of a governing board of a 1<sup>st</sup> century
synagogue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(The first and second
generations of the Church simply borrowed the administrative structures with
which they were familiar from the synagogues.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In the New Testament—and we see this theology developed most clearly in
the Letter to the Hebrews—there is but one <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sacerdos</i>,
one sacrificing priest, Jesus Christ.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There is also one and only one sacrifice, the once and for all eternal
Sacrifice in which Christ offers himself on the Cross as both priest and
victim.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While in every celebration of the Eucharist we
are given access to this one, eternal Sacrifice, that sacrifice is not repeated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Christ is not sacrificed over and over again,
day after day, on the altar, but rather in the Eucharist we move beyond time
and space to become sacramentally present to that one eternal Sacrifice of the
Cross.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "verdana";">Now we in the Church are not passive
witnesses to this Sacrifice but by virtue of our baptism, we share in the
priesthood of Jesus Christ.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1 Peter 2:9
refers to us (collectively) as a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy
nation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The sacred author uses the word </span><span style="color: #3e1c0a; font-family: "times new roman";">ἱ</span><span style="color: #3e1c0a; font-family: "verdana";">εράτευμα</span><span style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "verdana";"> (priesthood), a cognate of </span><span style="color: #051018; font-family: "times new roman";">ἱ</span><span style="color: #051018; font-family: "verdana";">ερεύς
indicating that Christians, by virtue of their incorporation into Christ in
baptism, become participants in his sacrificing priesthood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #051018; font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;">Now—and this is where
we need to be careful—while we all share in the sacrificing priesthood of
Christ by virtue of our baptism, there is a unique participation in that
priesthood reserved to the bishop.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #051018; font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;">According to the
patristic Tradition—and again we Catholics recognize two sources of revelation:
scripture and Apostolic Tradition passed down through the centuries—the Bishop
is the Sacramental Presence of Christ the High Priest in the Church.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Bishop stands as Christ in the Church and
when the Church is gathered around him for the Eucharist he, not of his own
authority but in virtue of his re-presenting Christ the High Priest—he alone offers
the Eucharistic Sacrifice. The bishop stands at the altar offering the Great
Prayer of Thanksgiving; he was flanked by his presbyters and assisted by his
deacons but there was only one Eucharistic celebration to which the entire
Christian community was expected to come.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The deacons helped with the offerings of the faithful and prepared the
bread and wine upon the altar but they did not assist directly in the
Eucharist. The presbyters helped the bishop with the distribution of the
Eucharistic elements and it can even be said that they concelebrated the
Eucharist with the bishops, though not according to the manner our contemporary
rites, but it was the bishop alone who offered the Eucharistic Prayer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #051018; font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;">By the middle of the
third century, many Christian communities had grown beyond the capacity of a
single Sunday assembly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The bishop would
then assign a senior presbyter to preside over a second gathering in another
place but to show that there was only one Eucharist in the one (local) Church,
the bishop would dispatch a deacon from his Mass with a piece of the Bishop’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hostia</i> (the consecrated bread).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That Eucharistic fragment (called a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">fermentum</i>) was then placed in the
chalice at the presbyter’s assembly to show that while the one community was
meeting in two separate places, it was still only one community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The evolution of presbyter-led Eucharists
make it clear that presbyters were acting not in their right in celebrating the
Eucharist but <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in persona episcopi</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #051018; font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;">In the fourth century
the Church adapted the Roman Imperial administrative system of dioceses and bishops
became the religious leaders of much larger areas that required many more
Eucharistic assemblies to meet the challenge of a rapidly growing faithful as
well as the relative distances under the Church’s administration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As presbyters took over the various outlaying
churches presbyter-led Eucharists became the norm but the Church has always
made the distinction between the bishop (sacerdos) and the priest
(presbyter).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Technically a priest is not
supposed to celebrate the Eucharist without receiving “faculties” from the
local bishop—and—except in danger of death—he may not hear confessions or
absolve without those faculties.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The priest
still performs his ministry <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in persona
episcopi</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #051018; font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;">And for those who
cherish all things pre-Vatican II, the hymn: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ecce Sacerdos Magnus</i> (Behold the Great Priest) was sung only for
the entrance of a bishop, never a priest<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #051018; font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;">Now, the fatal flaw in
this theology of the Bishop being the presence of Christ the Priest and his
presbyters sharing in the priesthood of Christ as extensions of the bishop is
through the centuries too few bishops have proved themselves worthy of the
august responsibility. Bishops have done
well, in their day, as Imperial administrators, as princes, as patrons of the
arts and learning, as bankers and today as CEO’s—but none of this lets us look at
our Bishop and see Christ the Priest.
Maybe that is why Pope Francis seems such an odd duck with all his talk
of mercy and a poor church. </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-41339972801745734682016-07-07T08:07:00.000-07:002016-07-07T08:07:38.050-07:00An Apologia Against The Apologies <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/DpTlS2vcWwM/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/DpTlS2vcWwM?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">The story varies—some ascribe it to the pontificate of Pius
IX other to Pius X and a few to Leo XIII, but allegedly a delegation of British
Anglicans were admitted to a papal audience and when they asked for the Holy
Father’s blessing, the Pope uttered the following prayer which is used for the
blessing of the incense at solemn Mass: “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red;">ab illo benedicaris
in cuius honore cremaberis</span></i></b>” (May you be blessed by him in whose
honor you shall be burned).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now those
were the days when we knew how to treat heretics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What happened?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How did we slide down the ladder from our
exclusive perch in the heavenly heights of safeguarding the purity of the faith
into the ecumenical boondoggle of inclusivity and relativism?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">I suspect the Pandora’s Box of decay and error was opened
when Pope John XXIII addressed the world’s cabal of heretics and schismatics
(AKA Protestants and Orthodox) as “separated brethren.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Talk about putting lipstick on a pig, they’re
nothing but rebels, murderers, and thieves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They stole our cathedrals and ancient churches across Europe and the
Near East, they cruelly martyred those who stuck to the old faith, they defaced
sacred images and scattered the relic of the saints in the dirt of their
streets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their leaders broke their vows
of celibacy and let countless souls to the fires of hell and this Pope calls
them “separated brethren?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Enemies, not
brothers, and it was they who chose separation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And then that pernicious council of Vatican II speaks of “restoring
unity.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The only way back is
unconditional surrender.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Truth does not
compromise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Error has no rights!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">But if that weren’t bad enough, the next Pope—even worse
than John—Paul VI on December 16 (imagine, in Advent, barely a week before
Christmas) 1975 fell on his knees and kissed the foot of the schismatic prelate
Metropolitan Meliton of Chalcedon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What
was he thinking?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Pope bows to no one
save God alone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is the Vicar of
Christ.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Would Christ bow to some
schismatic bishop?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The same Pope had ten
years earlier lifted the excommunication of the Greek claimant to the
Patriarchate of Constantinople imposed over nine centuries before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How do you undo almost a thousand years of
excommunication?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Do the gates of hell
open and let the prisoners out?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By what
authority can a pope undo the divine judgment?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Divine Mercy only goes so far—once you are dead you have no more claim
to it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s too late to change your mind
and say, like the Church Lady on the old <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saturday
Night Life</i>, to God, “never mind.” Once God puts you in the devil’s frying
pan you’re there to stay.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But what is
even worse, this liberal Pope let the Greek claimant to the Patriarchal throne
absolve him of the excommunication.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As
if a schismatic had the authority to life an excommunication, much less impose
one on a Pope.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I tell you, things were
going to hell fast and have been ever since.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But it only get’s worse as time passes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">It was John Paul II who really compromised the integrity of
the papacy however.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He began by
apologizing for Galileo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Honestly, he
should just have ignored that old canard—I mean over and done with centuries
ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What is the point of bringing it up
all over again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And besides, maybe
Galileo was right about the earth revolving around the sun, but he was defiant
in the face of Church’s authority and refused to back down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That alone should have been grounds for
imprisonment by the Inquisition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it
wasn’t that he was tortured or burned at the stake.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But that was only the beginning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>John Paul then went on to apologize for the
Church’s involvement in the African salve trade.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Really?!?!?!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Like the Pope was selling slaves in Saint Peter’s square.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>OK, so there were a few bad apples in the
Catholic barrel—the Pope can’t apologize for every Catholic who has ever made a
bad choice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But then he went on to
apologize for burning Protestant heretics at the stake and for the Religious
Wars of the 16<sup>th</sup> and 17<sup>th</sup> centuries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am sorry but we had an obligation to stop
the spread of those pernicious heresies that were causing millions of souls to
be lost.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I only think we should have
gone at it harder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1995 he apologized
to women for the way the Church has treated them through the centuries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What drugs was he on?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Church has always been the protector of
women.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it just got worse and
worse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>John Paul apologized for the
Crusades, for the treatment of Jan Hus at the Council of Constance, for the
behavior of European missionaries in China in the 19<sup>th</sup> century, for
the removal of Australian aboriginal children from their families to Church-run
institutions in the late 19<sup>th</sup>- and early 20<sup>th</sup> centuries,
for the 1204 Sack of Constantinople, and for the contempt shown towards the
primitive “cultures” of the various savage peoples among whom the Church sent
missionaries from the 16<sup>th</sup> through the 20<sup>th</sup>
centuries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I find this last one
particularly hard to understand as we introduced these tribes to music and art
and literature; we taught them to read and to write.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We gave them medicines and made scientific
technology available to them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have
been their salvation in the material as well as the spiritual realms. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">And now Francis thinks we owe gay people an apology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Will this madness never stop?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What is to be gained by apologizing when we
weren’t wrong to begin with?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No, the
Church should never admit to be wrong.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We have the Truth and we should uphold it in the face of all these
modern heresies that are corrupting our world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Truth admits for no compromise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All that this apology stuff does is to open the
door to dialogue and reconciliation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And
surely God doesn’t want that, does he?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Stand firm in the Truth and when you pray for your non-Catholic friends
and relatives, remember the old prayer <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red;">ab illo benedicaris
in cuius honore cremaberis</span></i></b>.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-46775284660599892262016-07-04T10:42:00.000-07:002016-07-04T10:42:13.737-07:00Here's One To Rattle A Few Cages: Deaconesses <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKvh5suB4dEuTnLsZU_M74phDVv5PyzUma7wor_h9Ws0F1DbaYvEG-98A89GUc7oR5-aqT7CmQYAbSmPAQSvIDa5GzFoJ2Y2gO_70EPeIwkqvkqOQR2D7qyl8oN_RYsgvVqS5-BFA-Qekj/s1600/deaconesses.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKvh5suB4dEuTnLsZU_M74phDVv5PyzUma7wor_h9Ws0F1DbaYvEG-98A89GUc7oR5-aqT7CmQYAbSmPAQSvIDa5GzFoJ2Y2gO_70EPeIwkqvkqOQR2D7qyl8oN_RYsgvVqS5-BFA-Qekj/s320/deaconesses.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">Pope Francis says a lot of things
that get under the skin of the Katholik Krazies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The comments about many (if not most)
contemporary marriages being invalid because so many people today don’t
understand—and consequently cannot make—lifelong commitment is only one
thing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His recent agreement to authorize
a study about women deacons is another—and probably even more threatening. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">The reason that women deacons are
such a threat to the established (and, let’s me hones, patriarchal) Church
order is that the diaconate is the firewall to the priesthood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ordination to the diaconate is the final step
before Ordination to priesthood, and to ordain women to the diaconate—well,
dollars to maniples, it is only a matter of time before we will see women being
ordained priests and bishops. At least this is what the krazies fear—and,
frankly, I think they are right.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once we
are used to the sight of a woman in an alb and stole standing at the altar, our
emotional prejudices against women in the ordained ministries will somewhat
quickly evaporate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a faithful
Catholic I will agree that the priesthood (and episcopate) is closed to women;
as a historian I have to say that the trajectory of history says it is only a
matter of time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">Deaconesses are mentioned as
early as Paul’s letter to the Romans which refers to Phoebe as a
deaconess.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(The Greek text uses this
word but—at the insistence of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith,
Catholic translations usually use the word “servant”—which is a literal
translation of the Greek and which can be applied as well to male
deacons.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both Christian writers
(Clement of Alexandria and Origen) and pagan writers (Pliny the Younger) refer
to deaconesses in the Christian communities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Saints Basil, John Chrysostom, and Gregory of Nyssa all refer to
ordained deaconesses and their ministry as well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">Traditionalists acknowledge that
there were deaconesses in the early Church but they claim that a deaconess is
not a woman deacon, that deacons and deaconesses are two distinct offices and
that the deaconesses did not share in the sacramental character attributed to
deacons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That question bears study but
we need a very careful <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">monitum</i>
(that’s Latin for “warning” for those, including some of our younger clergy,
who like to pray in Latin but don’t understand a word of it).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We cannot attribute the 21<sup>st</sup>
century theological understanding of the Sacrament of Orders which we embrace
to the Church of the third, fourth, and fifth centuries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our theology has evolved considerably—and in
this case especially with the work of Saint Thomas Aquinas and the scholastic
(and neo-scholastic) theologians who follow him and who for centuries now have
held the balance of power in Catholic theological thought.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We must compare the deaconesses of late
antiquity, not to how we understand deacons today but to how the Church of the
late Roman world (and also the Byzantine world where women deacons continued to
function until about the 12<sup>th</sup> century) understood male deacons in
their day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Did the Church of those early
centuries consider deaconesses to be women deacons or did they understand them
to be in a “separate and unequal” position?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">On the one hand, deacons and
deaconesses had distinctly different ministries. Deaconesses were assigned
ministry to women where male deacons would not have been accepted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the Roman world women were always under
the “protection” of a male—their fathers until marriage, then their husband,
and in their widowhood their eldest surviving son.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A woman had no status before the law and
could neither sue nor be sued—the legal burden fell on the man under whose
protection she dwelt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In such an
environment it was necessary that certain ministrations to women, especially to
the sick and the enfeebled and to women in childbirth, be carried out by a
woman who could move comfortably around a Roman household.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But in fact, male deacons were designated for
the care of the poor and the sick as well so the major difference was not the
work but to whom they ministered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Women
deacons, unlike men deacons, did not directly participate in liturgical
leadership.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The women’s choir was under
their direction but they themselves did not step forward to proclaim the
Gospel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But again, it would have been
considered inappropriate for a woman to have entered the all-male <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">presbyterium</i> where the clergy took their
places around the altar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Women deacons
did have a liturgical role however in the sacrament of Baptism where they
performed the actual baptism of women as the men deacons baptized the
males.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">As the Roman world dissolved into
the chaos of the Barbarian West the legal and social distinctions between women
and men also dissolved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Women were much
more free to interact with men as equals—and even superiors—and the need for separate
ministers for women became less pressing. At the same time in the West baptism
by immersion began to be replaced by pouring or sprinkling and nudity was not
required for the baptismal candidates, removing the need for women to be
baptized by women. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The female diaconate
survived however primarily in monastic communities where the abbess and perhaps
a few senior nuns were still set apart (to avoid using the controversial word
“ordained”) as deaconesses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They wore
the stole and maniple as did male deacons and sang the Gospel during the
liturgical offices (and seemingly at Mass should no male deacon be present)
though they sung it from within their choir and not from the presbyterium.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Deaconesses lasted somewhat later in the
Eastern Churches—in public churches perhaps until the seventh century and in
monastic communities until the 12<sup>th</sup>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But like in the West, as the primary function of the deacon became
strictly liturgical, women were increasingly excluded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">A curious vestige of the female
diaconate has survived in the Western Church were the hermit-nuns of the
Carthusian Order—the most secluded of the monastic orders—still receive at
their final profession of vows the stole and maniple.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These nuns also still sing the Gospel during
the Night Offices.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">Deacons are ordained and receive
the Sacrament of Holy Orders but they do not receive nor participate in the priesthood
(as do presbyters and bishops) other than to the extent and manner in which all
the baptized faithful share in the Priesthood of Jesus Christ as members of God’s
Priestly People.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One can still maintain,
therefore, the current teaching of the Church that participation in the hierarchical
Priesthood of the Episcopate—in which the presbyters (priests) share—is reserved
by Divine Law to men and favor the ordination of women to the diaconate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But my earlier point that the cultural
barriers against admitting women to the ordained priesthood will evaporate as
we accommodate to women deacons stands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The opposition to women deacons is because the all-male diaconate is the
firewall that protects an all-male priesthood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-26897974573437311002016-06-25T06:49:00.000-07:002016-06-25T06:50:12.774-07:00Francis Is Telling The Truth on Today's Marriages <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi01WM1R1_mUp-WAZixSbMs2aw_60aHe8dNvW19GiSu-_uTMbCOlzMCGUc6pr7vqlexwn3IeE6iQBulW829LXrVlEJsJKrkqVT1AX9yub-eQ0mgKwIOgWCZftJywKXWOKxbZ5sts_Z80DQl/s1600/catholic-wedding-ceremony.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi01WM1R1_mUp-WAZixSbMs2aw_60aHe8dNvW19GiSu-_uTMbCOlzMCGUc6pr7vqlexwn3IeE6iQBulW829LXrVlEJsJKrkqVT1AX9yub-eQ0mgKwIOgWCZftJywKXWOKxbZ5sts_Z80DQl/s320/catholic-wedding-ceremony.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Aidan’s mother is Presbyterian but has consistently attended
Saturday evening Mass with her husband, Pat, in the thirty-two years of their
marriage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact she directed the
children’s choir in their parish while Aidan and his sister, Aile were in their
middle-and high-school years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aidan and
Aile each were altar servers in their seventh and eighth grade years and
graduated, after Confirmation, into being lectors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aidan went to the local Jesuit prep-school;
Aile to the “Madames” of the Sacred Heart Day School.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During his college years at the University of
Delaware, however, Aidan drifted away from regular Mass attendance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He also met Katie, like him from the D.C.
suburbs, and they began dating.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Katie was also from a devout Catholic home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She is an only child.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her parents belong to the Cathedral parish of
Saint Matthew in Washington where her mother is an Extraordinary Minister of
the Eucharist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Katie graduated from
Georgetown Visitation before going to the University of Delaware.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When she began dating Aidan she got him back
to Sunday Mass.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They dated in Sophomore
and Junior year, but Aidan broke it off over the summer between Junior and
Senior year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was concerned that Katie
was overly dependent on her mother, Frances.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Frances would drive two hours every Tuesday to have lunch with Katie at
the University and insisted that Katie come home every weekend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">During their senior year Aidan and Katie slowly rebuilt
their relationship and when Aidan decided to go to Law School in Boston, Katie
followed to do her Masters in Math at Boston College.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Katie became very involved at the Paulist
Center in Boston where she and Aidan regularly attended Mass every Sunday.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Katie was also on the RCIA team and Aidan
became involved in fundraising for the center.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In Aidan’s final year of Law School they became engaged to be
married.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They moved in together after
they were engaged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frances flew up to
Boston every-other-weekend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pat and
Joan (Aidan’s mother) were concerned about Frances’ “apron-strings” but Aidan
assured them that he could handle it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They
were also concerned that Aidan seemed unable to make up his own mind with
determination and worried that the reconciliation between them in their senior
year was little more than Aidan’s tendency to “be a nice guy.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But in the end they felt they had to respect
Aidan’s choices.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Aidan graduated and passed the Bar for Massachusetts, New
York, and Virginia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pat and Joan hoped
“the kids” would move back to Fairfax but Katie had found a job teaching Math
and Physics in a Boston High School and didn’t want to move back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aidan, on the other hand, was having trouble
finding a position with a Law Firm in Boston though through family connections
there were a number of positions available in the D.C. area. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">They were married that July after graduation in the
Cathedral of Saint Matthew in Washington.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Aidan’s uncle, a religious order priest teaching at Catholic U, said the
Mass and presided over the marriage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
reception for 150 followed at the Washington Country Club.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The two families split the cost of the
reception based on the proportion of guests each had invited.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By September Aidan and Katie were back in
Boston with Katie teaching and Aidan continuing to do interviews for a position
in a law firm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Meanwhile, Aidan took a
position in a foreign currency exchange upstart company.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All seemed to be well though when they came
back to the DC area at Christmas Aidan spent most nights at his parents in
Fairfax, Katie with her family in Chevy-Chase.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They both spent Christmas Eve with Katie’s family and Christmas Day with
Aidan’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">It was only in April that Aidan told his parents that Katie
had left him in January and moved in with Maggie, the girls’ gym teacher in her
Boston High School.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maggie is gay and
the exact nature of her relationship with Katie was never clearly defined.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aidan felt, however, that Maggie had
undermined their marriage from when she and Katie had first met and had told
Katie that she (Katie) could move in with her if she ever left Aidan. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Katie
stayed with Maggie for six months before moving out and getting an apartment of
her own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She told Aidan she wanted a
divorce.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Aidan had been seeing a counselor since the breakup and he
repeatedly asked Katie to see a marriage counselor with him but she
refused.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He went to Katie’s parents to
enlist their help—they too told their daughter to get counseling, but Katie
refused.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The marriage was over and there
was no room, according to Katie, to negotiate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Pat and Joan were concerned that Aidan may have done something
wrong.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Was their any violence?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Was he dealing with any issues?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Substance abuse?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pornography addiction?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aile put out what feelers she could among
various friends and acquaintances she shared with Katie but could find no
reason for Katie leaving Aidan other than “he wasn’t on the career track that
would take them where she thought they should go.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aidan’s friends all assured his family that
he never was abusive in any way and Katie has never alleged that he was.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Pat and Joan told Aidan that since the marriage had lasted
such a short time, wedding gifts should be returned and this led to an
interesting revelation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aidan agreed;
Katie refused.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But it turned out that
Aidan had kept the gifts from his family and friends and Katie had kept
hers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They never established joint
finances but each had their own bank accounts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It turned out that Katie’s parents always had separate finances as well
and Katie had refused the idea of joint accounts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The divorce became final eighteen months after
the breakup.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">This is a true story.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Some particulars—names and places—have been changed but it is a story
from within my own family.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I tell it
because I believe Pope Francis is dead on when he says that the idea of
permanent commitment escapes the understanding of many—if not most—people
today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Key to this is that I have not
exaggerated the Catholicity of either family or the Catholic backgrounds of
Katie and Aidan or Katie’s commitment to the Church through her College and
Boston years, but note that it was Aidan who fought to keep the marriage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If
these happen when the wood is green, what will happen to the dry?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Pope Francis’ comments on the instability of modern
marriage—and its impact on the validity of the sacrament—stirred up a hornet’s
nest among the krazies on the blogosphere, but it is totally consistent with
what most of my priest-friends have been saying for years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some priests in my acquaintance even say that
the Church “should get out of the marrying business.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think that would be a sad mistake but there
is no doubt that we have a culture problem that is probably beyond the Church’s
ability to fix.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am not sure what the
answer is but denial is not part of the solution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perhaps the Pope needs to speak out in more
detail on this issue so that it is not as easy to retreat into denial.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It certainly explains why he is trying to
chart a different course for the pastoral care of the divorced and remarried as
the implicit nullity of so many contemporary marriages severely complicates the
issue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com16tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-72580706974870436832016-06-23T09:21:00.001-07:002016-06-23T09:21:27.547-07:00Another Roman Church Worth Searching Out <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHmaUgdUDzCa7eAYxYhbLhSodUpb4as6q8xfnB3rqAUC5HPmbF3J1lkZfChOsVzo9U-BBQeKdjtPN6WElmT7i2Qcmk1kWhAT74llO3s8ra-xZhuv1JX-FnHAm2Ay834Y1jm90l9Td7NVt6/s1600/quatro+coronati.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHmaUgdUDzCa7eAYxYhbLhSodUpb4as6q8xfnB3rqAUC5HPmbF3J1lkZfChOsVzo9U-BBQeKdjtPN6WElmT7i2Qcmk1kWhAT74llO3s8ra-xZhuv1JX-FnHAm2Ay834Y1jm90l9Td7NVt6/s320/quatro+coronati.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have had any number of comments from readers
about my posting on the ancient Church of San Stefano Rotondo in Rome—a site
easily overlooked by most visitors to the Holy City but one that is well worth
the visit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And so let me do another
posting about an even more overlooked—and equally interesting—ancient Church
not far from San Stefano, SS Quatro Coronati.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The title of the Church, translated into English, means: the Four
Crowned Saints and refers to four unnamed martyr-saints.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pope Miltiades in the early fourth century
ascribed the names Claudius, Nicostratus, Simpronianus and Castorius to these
four saints, but he had somehow amalgamated them to four of the five Pannonian
stonemasons martyred during the persecution of Diocletian. (The fifth is
Simplicius.) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To confuse the issue even
further, in the crypt of the church of the SS Quatro Coronati are the bodies of
the martyr Saints Secundus, Severianus, Carpoforus, and Victorinus, martyrs
from the suburbican See of Rome, Albano, who were put to death at an
unspecified time and about whom nothing other than their names are known.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So we have quite a collection of saints
associated with this ancient church on the Caelian hill. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">I have always liked this church
because while it stands in the middle of the city of Rome, as you approach it
you would swear you were walking down a country lane.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tall grasses and wildflowers block out any
view beyond the Caelian itself, birds sing and at the end of the alley you see
what looks more like a ruined gatehouse than a basilica.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Passing through the gatehouse you enter the
first of two external courtyards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
typical of the ancient Roman Churches to have a courtyard separating it from
the street beyond—Santa Praessede in Rome is an excellent surviving example of
this—but the second courtyard is, I believe unique.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Actually, the second courtyard was originally
part of the nave of the basilica of SS Quatro Coronati, but when the church was
rebuilt by Paschal II after having been burned by the Norman troops of Robert
Guiscard during the 1084 sack of Rome.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The resultant basilica is quite small and compact.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The choir and presbyterium are screened off
by a grille marking the cloister of the Augustinian nuns whose conventual
church this has been since the mid sixteenth century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Standing in the courtyards you could easily
be in the 12<sup>th</sup> century, totally removed from the modern world and
surrounded by a complex of patinaed medieval structures that exude peace and
tranquility.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Inside the basilica there
are some 16<sup>th</sup> century frescoes of no particular interest, but if you
explore a bit you can find a lovely cloister in the cosmatesque style of the
high Middle Ages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And if you are really
lucky you might hit the church while the nuns are singing the noonday
office.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All in all it is a wonderful
wormhole into medieval Rome.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-90048262176692749602016-06-17T05:48:00.000-07:002016-06-17T09:28:12.199-07:00Let the Holy Spirit Shed Her Wisdom <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6x3avpMCJd8BZWGnMIJg7NXV_OcNiBwnlXAh54x3Oi-otNxkmVcVvdSngBp2eMa3dbutGJr2AQC0v9OJgN1vVwXLpQh8G_ejcVuCStXLipZQpFmH7ivYDD87P5q7wFNiTELhDWaXOcEbf/s1600/bartholomew+patriarch.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6x3avpMCJd8BZWGnMIJg7NXV_OcNiBwnlXAh54x3Oi-otNxkmVcVvdSngBp2eMa3dbutGJr2AQC0v9OJgN1vVwXLpQh8G_ejcVuCStXLipZQpFmH7ivYDD87P5q7wFNiTELhDWaXOcEbf/s320/bartholomew+patriarch.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">Patriarch Bartholomew of<br />Constantinople</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: large;">It was only three and a half years after the 1959 announcement of the Second Vatican Council that 2500 Bishops, Abbots, and General Superiors of Religious Congregations gathered for the Council’s first session in the nave of the Patriarchal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican to begin deliberations that would radically alter the face of Catholicism throughout the world. On the other hand, it has taken the Orthodox Churches fifty-five years to prepare for the first Holy and Great Council, the first such gathering of the Orthodox in 1139 years and the first since the Great Schism which divided the Orthodox and Catholic worlds. (This refers to the Fourth Council of Constantinople, regarded by some, but not by all as “Ecumenical,” which healed the Photian Schism and was actually held not in 887 but 879-80.)</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The rules are different for this Holy and Great Council than for an authentically Ecumenical Council. In an Ecumenical Council—and here I am referring to the first seven Councils which are accepted by both Churches of the East and West—all bishops are invited to participate and the vote of each bishop counts. There is also free (and often free-for-all) discussion of the agenda with decision by majority and not by universal consensus.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The rules set forth for the upcoming Holy and Great Council to be held the end of this week in Crete call for each self-governing Orthodox Church to send 24 Bishop-delegates and each Church will have but a single vote in the final deliberations. Moreover, the documents of the Council have been pre-agreed on (with some exception regarding the proposed legislation on marriage) and not subject to editing upon the discussion and voting. It is then quite rigidly structured. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">And now, at the last minute, the Holy and Great Synod appears to be imploding as several of the constituent Churches—including the most powerful, the Russian Orthodox Church—withdraws. Orthodoxy is not a single Church, nor even like Catholicism, a communion of Churches but rather a family of Churches in communion with one another. Let me explain. The Roman Catholic Church is a single Church comprised of local Churches (dioceses) who have irrevocably submitted their autonomy to the Patriarchal Church of the West, the Bishopric of Rome, the papacy. The Catholic Church (as distinguished from the Roman Catholic Church) is a communion of Churches, the largest and most influential of which is the Roman Catholic Church, in Eucharistic Fellowship with the Bishop of Rome. Some of these Churches in Communion are the Melkite Patriarchate and its constituent local Churches (eparchies or dioceses), The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Major Archbishopric (some would say Patriarchate) and its constituent Churches, The Maronite Patriarchate of Antioch and its constituent Churches, The Syro-Malabar Major Archbishopric and its constituent Churches, and others. While there is, and certainly more so after Vatican II, a certain amount of autonomy exercised by these Churches in communion with Rome, it does not compare with the total independence of each of the fourteen Churches that comprise Orthodoxy. The authority exercised by the Patriarch of Constantinople over the other Churches is purely titular and without any means of enforcement. Thus the Patriarch is unable to prevent the Holy and Great Synod from dissolving before it even assembles. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">There are factions within Orthodoxy that have long militated against the assembly of a Holy and Great Council. One motivation is political. While the primacy belongs to Constantinople, the power has long belonged to the Moscow Patriarchate which holds—by far—the allegiance of the largest number of believers. Moscow has long been jealous of the influence of Constantinople and anxious to take over, as the “Third Rome” the universal primacy. But even among the smaller Churches there has been a certain amount of jostling over precedence as might be expected in a religious culture so sensitive to the details of ceremonial as in Orthodoxy. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Even more serious, however, is that there is a significant number of Orthodox who fear that any assembly of bishops will bring the Church into encounter with modern heresies. Many Orthodox oppose ecumenism for fear that it will introduce into Orthodoxy the “modernist heresies” that have infected the West. Indeed Ecumenism is seen by many, particularly in Russia and Greece, as the arch-heresy. The lack of a contemporary theological education on the part of many clergy and bishops in the more remote corners of the Orthodox world has confused theological substance with human traditions—a situation with which we Catholics are not unfamiliar on the part of our Katholik Krazies. Changes in the liturgical calendar, for example, are often treated with the same apprehension as would be the controversy over the Procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father. I am not saying that the krazies in the Orthodox world are irrational to fear a Council. Assemble a Church and should the Holy Spirit decide to process from the Father (and the Son) onto that assembly, who knows what will happen? Vatican II is pudding-proof of that. </span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-20259100725730862872016-06-13T11:44:00.000-07:002016-06-13T11:45:33.424-07:00Responsibility For Orlando; Responsibility For The Future <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXEz5G_bdfu5JUKod64xHUmIIEBnIgskxy905mSJMpPwjQ9DCaoSsWvkUKfw9LV8YLYr5eyYdddRGgAW03_6o8RNfc-nq_Ka8cjIJ5_645S4TmtRdIvwaZJSgXgYJRVY3bW5y9BZqPVg92/s1600/flag+discolored.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXEz5G_bdfu5JUKod64xHUmIIEBnIgskxy905mSJMpPwjQ9DCaoSsWvkUKfw9LV8YLYr5eyYdddRGgAW03_6o8RNfc-nq_Ka8cjIJ5_645S4TmtRdIvwaZJSgXgYJRVY3bW5y9BZqPVg92/s320/flag+discolored.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">We have met the enemy and he is<br />us.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 15.0pt;">I am stunned over the events in Orlando.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ironically at the very moment the calamity
was unfolding, I had been sitting at my computer writing the previous posting in
which I wrote that I </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 15.0pt;">need to see that Islam—like the other religions,
great and small of our world—produces people of wide vision, great tolerance,
peace builders and reconcilers and not fall into the trap that only Christian
trees bear good fruit. And now, of course, the blogosphere is
replete, once again, with anti-Muslim slogans that would indiscriminately slap
the brush of hatred and violence over the hundreds of millions who find in
their religion the roots of compassion, reconciliation, and human
betterment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 15.0pt;">“Christians” in Nigeria or Uganda can attack and burn a hall
where gay men and women gather to socialize and Pope Francis or the Archbishop
of Canterbury, much less you or me, aren’t given the burden of blame for the
violence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Indeed some of the same blogs that
are now targeting Islam as the ideological tinder that was behind the Orlando
violence themselves are filled with hate speech for LGBT persons, claiming that
they only have reaped what they have sown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If all Muslims are to be blamed for the violence of the Orlando attack,
then we Christians, in fact, share in the responsibility as well for the
judgments we make about those whom we judge to be sinners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the problem is much wider than religion
gone toxic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 15.0pt;">We need to stand back and see how responsibility for the
violence in our world lies as our own doorsteps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We live in a culture saturated in
violence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whether it is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Game of Thrones</i> or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Independence Day: Resurgence</i> or even <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bluebloods</i> we lace our entertainment with violence and death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No one dare take on the NRA and its political
agenda funded by the gun industry to prevent at all costs a rational system of
legislation to keep automatic and semi-automatic weapons out of the hands of
those who lack the responsibility to protect a peaceful citizenry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course we are a society that condones
babies being ripped from the bellies of their mothers by the abortion
industry—it is all part of a wild and savage cultural imagination in which
black lives do not matter, blue lives do not matter, and in fact no life really
matters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Pope tells us that Capital
Punishment is State-sanctioned murder but we close our ears.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kids are taken to gun ranges rather than golf
driving ranges.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are drunk with
violence and while we may profess to be Christian and sing our Sunday hymns,
our real religion is blood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is not
the kingdom that Jesus of Nazareth came to reveal to us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is not the Divine <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ratio</i> for the Incarnation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This is a fraudulent and inauthentic Christianity and we will be
fraudulent and inauthentic Christians until we reject the language, vocabulary,
syntax and culture of Death that runs through our society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before we dare demonize others we need to
take a long hard look at the demons in our own hearts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like the first Christians who thoroughly
rejected the violence of the Graeco-Roman world with its lion and gladiator
shows, with its State-sponsored cruelty, with its contempt for the lives of
others and indeed for its own citizens, we must turn our back on this culture
of death and construct an alternative world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 15.0pt;">One of the etymologies often given for the word “Devil” is
that it is derived from the Greek </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "lucida grande"; font-size: 15.0pt;">διαβολος</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 15.0pt;"> via the Latin <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">diabolus</i> and the French <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">diable</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "lucida grande"; font-size: 15.0pt;">διαβολος
itself is constructed of two words, to force and apart.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The devil is the one who divides us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Divides us from God; divides us from one
another.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We need to see that whatever
divides us, in our imagination, from others: Muslim, Gay, Immigrant,
whatever—is the work of the evil One.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
the Mind of God every human person is his son or his daughter and his plan is
to bring us together—in Christ, we Christians believe—into a conscious sharing of
his Divine Nature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This culture of
unification must be our alternative to the Culture of violence and death which
is eating out our world from within like the most vicious cancer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "lucida grande"; font-size: 15.0pt;">Earlier
today, in looking up an article on Justin Welby, the Archbishop of Canterbury,
I found a reference to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chemin Neuf</i>
Community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was founded by Jesuit
Father Laurent Fabre in 1973—at the very end of the Paul VI/Vatican II papacy
of hope before so much of our Catholic Church descended into the retreat from
Vatican II in the protection of the more recent tragically ambiguous papacies
of his successors but one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chemin Neuf</i> (Literally New Road) is an
authentically Catholic (i.e. canonically recognized) movement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was give official recognition by Cardinal
Alexandre Renard, archbishop of Lyon, in 1984 and later given the canonical
status as a Public Association of the Faithful by Cardinal Albert Decourtray,
Archbishop of the same See and Primate of France.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While canonically Catholic, it welcomes and
includes members of a wide variety of Christian churches from the Evangelical
and Charismatic to the Orthodox Churches of the East who wish to work together,
hand in hand, to spread the Gospel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To
spread the Gospel: not to provide apologetics as to why we are right and everyone
else is wrong, but to announce the Εωαγγελιον, The Good News of Jesus Christ, a
message that calls our human family to reconciliation, peace, and unity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The community, which follows Ignatian
Spirituality, has an extensive outreach to families, including those who have
been divorced and remarried.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has
provided a welcome experience of Christian community to many who have found
that sense of community in Christ, to be lacking in more traditional Church
structures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "lucida grande"; font-size: 15.0pt;">It is a
different approach but then it is time for new and different approaches.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our self-imposed diversities are from the
evil One.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They lead only to death and
Christ is Lord of Life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After Orlando I
am more convinced than ever </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 15.0pt;">that the future requires people of any and all
religious beliefs to work together in mutual respect with all people of good
will in taking responsibility for making our world better. </span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-31309615193339239582016-06-12T06:42:00.000-07:002016-06-12T06:42:30.518-07:00Never Too Old to Learn Some Lessons <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji01zOgwpwdFA1d_SmclV3Tl3cPagJFsiZ85_fS1vHLn3mUUGJ_O6TuabvJDw4XOdNDPFFT4YOL807ZOJqCd7SUHp0WmUjmrZsvJ8GTnbBXoKE-S-UcZ7uD_qPOrH0gnrAnv7OXnTxDwbR/s1600/ali+funeral+flowers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji01zOgwpwdFA1d_SmclV3Tl3cPagJFsiZ85_fS1vHLn3mUUGJ_O6TuabvJDw4XOdNDPFFT4YOL807ZOJqCd7SUHp0WmUjmrZsvJ8GTnbBXoKE-S-UcZ7uD_qPOrH0gnrAnv7OXnTxDwbR/s320/ali+funeral+flowers.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;">It was the flowers that initially </span></span></div>
<span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: left;">
hooked me</div>
</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">I have to admit that I didn’t understand what all the fuss was
about.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The last attention I had paid to
the man he was still “Gaseous Cassius” and, not having an interest in boxing,
when he converted to Islam I turned my back on all the braggadocio and invested
my brain cells other where.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You couldn’t
escape him entirely of course, not if you read the newspapers or watched Walter
Cronkite, but he was only a name from those part of the headlines that came
from worlds which I, for the most part, did not inhabit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was enough older than me that during the
years he made his mark I still had grades and college admissions to preoccupy
me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And I was slow in coming to my more
liberal views—Viet Nam in particular was not a quick conversion for me but a
long agonizing interior search for a moral compass that transcended the glib
and easy slogans being yelled by crowds outside my college dorm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And more important yet, my life already was
the Church.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the heady years
immediately after Vatican II, and I was taken up with the Liturgy and Ecumenics
and outreach to the poor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So who gave a
second thought to a come-lately Muslim of questionable sharia orthodoxy from
Louisville Kentucky?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And that is pretty
much where I had left it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So what was
the fuss about?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">I had no intention of watching the memorial service but sometimes
circumstances conspire to the unplanned.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I had been in hospital for a few days with an infection in my lower
intestinal tract and was being discharged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I was waiting for my ride home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The television was on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And to be
honest I was captivated by the gorgeous arrangements of hydrangea, tulips,
orchids, roses and fern.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have always
had a “thing” for flowers and was struck by the incredible garden that surrounded
the speakers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">The first of the speakers I heard was the Reverend Kevin Cosby, pastor
of Saint Stephen’s Baptist Church in Louisville and President of Simmons
College.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the best of
African-American preaching—solid, biblical, and yet pulling on the
heart-strings for personal conversion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And, unlike other Christian speakers, he honored the commission to bring
Jesus into the conversation, the Jesus of Matthew 25 who shuffles with the lame
and the tired through the hardships of Louisville’s (or Chicago’s, or Los
Angeles’ or Nairobi’s West End.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every
city has a West End and like the mythical “liturgical east” it isn’t limited to
one point of the compass.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">The second speaker to snap me to attention was Rabbi Michael
Lerner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wasn’t impressed by his mourning
prayer—just a little too post-orthodox for me—but the talk was powerful and,
like Reverend Cosby’s—was a call for the personal commitment and conversion of
the listener.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">I didn’t get to hear all the speakers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>My ride came and there was a stop at the drugstore to drop off
prescriptions, but as soon as I was back in my suite of rooms, my television
was snapped on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">I loved Billy Crystal’s talk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
expected more from President Clinton but he didn’t do badly. He was warm and
personal towards Mrs. Ali and the family and I suppose a more low-key approach
was fitting for the end of the service to usher us back to the everyday world
and the promise of a tomorrow in which I –and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I hope others—would have a different perspective on our mission in the
world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was somewhat embarrassed by the
blandness of Monsignor Kriegel. I am not sure what to make of the Buddhist
chant; it seemed incongruous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Quranic verses were certainly appropriate to the occasion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the flowers were magnificent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">The entire event confirmed in me my conviction and commitment to the
Second Vatican Council’s declaration found in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nostra Aetate</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">The Catholic Church rejects nothing that is true and holy in
these religions. She regards with sincere reverence those ways of conduct and
of life, those precepts and teachings which, though differing in many aspects
from the ones she holds and sets forth, nonetheless often reflect a ray of that
Truth which enlightens all men. Indeed, she proclaims, and ever must proclaim
Christ "the way, the truth, and the life" (John 14:6), in whom men
may find the fullness of religious life, in whom God has reconciled all things
to Himself.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Secondly I learned that I need to pay more attention to those whom I
often dismiss as being culturally, socially and historically marginal because I
disagree with their foundational religious, intellectual, or cultural
principles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is not my role to grade
others—public figures or private individuals—for importance but rather to see
the results they produce in their lives that effect change on either the global
or the individual levels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Thirdly, I need to see that Islam—like the other religions, great and
small of our world—produces people of wide vision, great tolerance, peace
builders and reconcilers and not fall into the trap that only Christian trees
bear good fruit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While I have always
defended those who faith follows different doctrines than mine, I do have a
strong streak of Christian chauvinism that Friday’s service proved needs
rethinking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And I need to acknowledge
that there are those for whom religious faith of any sort is not central to, or
even part of, their lives but whose contribution to the betterment of our world
far surpasses my own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">And finally I think—I hope—that I have learned that the future requires
people of any and all religious beliefs to work together in mutual respect with
all people of good will in taking responsibility for making our world
better.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-30172864697094100782016-06-03T11:15:00.000-07:002016-06-03T11:15:07.283-07:00Catholic Church and Desegregation: The Archbishop Rummel Story <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUpc1bsJdlQgmwAdJIMvtvnwa9WIMCCfkBZ1oDikFAxrTz1xkJswsDGtLpEqq7uER8e4Ss-OyQ81FLYL7GGyBpdZKeMhpjkqA-D7g3OCVd794-hy8GlMeyILvIYxg0RfTlVizKOCGbuBtn/s1600/archbishop+rummel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: blue;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUpc1bsJdlQgmwAdJIMvtvnwa9WIMCCfkBZ1oDikFAxrTz1xkJswsDGtLpEqq7uER8e4Ss-OyQ81FLYL7GGyBpdZKeMhpjkqA-D7g3OCVd794-hy8GlMeyILvIYxg0RfTlVizKOCGbuBtn/s320/archbishop+rummel.jpg" width="219" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">Archbishop Joseph Rummel</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Cardinal Patrick O’Boyle is
remembered as an arch-conservative prelate because of the exceedingly harsh way
in which he suppressed dissent from Pope Paul VI’s encyclical <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Humanae Vitae</i> condemning artificial
contraception.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But what is often
overlooked is that one of his first acts on becoming Archbishop of Washington
was to desegregate Church institutions in the Archdiocese.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Washington and the surrounding Maryland
counties had a long tradition of racial segregation and O’Boyle’s acts preceded
the Supreme Court decision desegregating Public Schools, Brown vs. The Board of
Education, by six years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">The next story to consider is
Archbishop Joseph Rummel of New Orleans who face a showdown with
segregationists in Louisiana in the early ‘60’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joseph Rummel’s family immigrated from Baden
Germany when he was six years old and settled in New York City.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He entered seminary as a high-schooler and,
after having done his theological studies in Rome, was ordained for the
Archdiocese of New York on May 24, 1902.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>From 1928 until 1935 he served as Bishop of Omaha and in 1935 was
translated to New Orleans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His tenure
in New Orleans was marked by a great expansion of the population due to the
urbanization that marked the Great Depression and Rummel built Catholic
institutions: parishes, schools, high-schools and other facilities to better
serve the Catholic population of a very Catholic city.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rummel was slow to embrace desegregation but
in 1948 he admitted two African Americans to the Archdiocesan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>seminary as candidates for the
priesthood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1951 he mandated the
removal of “white” and “colored” signs from the churches and schools.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And in 1953 he wrote a pastoral letter
mandating an end to segregation in Archdiocesan institutions but was not very
stringent about enforcing it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He did
close a parish in 1955 when parishioners refused to accept a Black priest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">The desegregation of the
Catholic schools was a major challenge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Archbishop clearly wanted the schools desegregated but was hesitant
to take on the local school boards that resisted the changes to the status
quo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moreover, Catholic Schools were
peaking in enrollment precisely because as public schools had to be
desegregated after <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Brown vs. The Board of
Education</i>, many parents were putting their children in parochial schools to
avoid integration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, on March 27
1962 Archbishop Rummel announced that of the following autumn term the Catholic
schools would be integrated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">As far back as 1954 Catholic
segregationists had been organizing to resist desegregation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had even written Pius XII asking for a
papal encyclical supporting racial segregation; to their chagrin the Pope
issued a statement condemning racism as a major evil in our world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Archbishop Rummel wanted a
conciliatory approach towards desegregation but that was impossible in the heat
of the Civil Rights Movement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Catholics
organized White Citizens Councils and other groups to resist change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Parents took their children out of Catholic
Schools. Letter-writing campaigns deluged the chancery with countless letters
asking for the policy to be rescinded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Patience exhausted the Archbishop said there would be no reversal and
anyone standing in his way would be excommunicated. Three dissenters, </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judge Leander Perez, Jackson G. Ricau, and
Una Gaillot, were put under a ban of excommunication.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And in the end, resistance collapsed and the
schools were integrated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I relate this story
because I have received several comments objecting to my having written in a
previous post:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: red; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The issue
today is the sovereignty of conscience. In forming our conscience we
must pay serious attention to the teaching of the Church—but the teaching of
the Church cannot take the place of conscience nor can we be expected to give
blind obedience to the teaching of the Church as that would be equivalent to
resigning our personal responsibility for making moral decisions. We
need personally and seriously to consider the choices that face us in
life. The Church provides guidance, but it must be our interior
adherence to the Holy Spirit that sets our course. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Readers have brought up the
segregationist protesters and asking if my above statement doesn’t justify
their resistance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a word, yes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If they were truly following their conscience,
believing that segregation was part of the Divine Law, they would be bound to
resist it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Given the clarity of the
magisterium on the issue however, it is highly unlikely that the three
excommunicates had seriously considered the teaching of the Church in forming
their consciences.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But at the end of the
day, it is our conscience that must determine our action.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Plenty of saints were excommunicated in their
day for standing their ground against bishops and even an occasional pope or
two.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conscience is sovereign and sometime
we have to pay the price for our convictions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-46417745987443525452016-05-31T06:24:00.000-07:002016-05-31T06:24:11.994-07:00The Catholic Church and Segregation <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7JsECKgE6J9XExUPbh-2aX7tYPMEhfOhL2Z8ilZv_vPpF9tuGPWiM9GJtQYVQSopZflMetoccmwTwmB-49qQUoKJ0-ARNYzenP22kmz3O-KgBtnPMa4RGNwDyQy1M0c87n7BxR8RF4EaY/s1600/archbishop+thomas+toolen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7JsECKgE6J9XExUPbh-2aX7tYPMEhfOhL2Z8ilZv_vPpF9tuGPWiM9GJtQYVQSopZflMetoccmwTwmB-49qQUoKJ0-ARNYzenP22kmz3O-KgBtnPMa4RGNwDyQy1M0c87n7BxR8RF4EaY/s1600/archbishop+thomas+toolen.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;">Archbishop Thomas Toolen</span></span></div>
<span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: left;">
of Mobile 1927-1969</div>
</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Racial segregation was a
given fact in U.S. society from the time that African slaves were first
imported to Jamestown in 1619 until the mid-twentieth century and, in fact,
continues today to lurk in various discrete nooks and crannies of our society.
At the very beginning the Africans were treated as indentured servants and
given their freedom after serving a designated number of years, but within a
matter of twenty years this began to change and various court decisions ruled
that Africans bought from Spanish or Portuguese traders were to be held in
permanent servitude.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the time of our
Declaration of Independence in 1776, all thirteen colonies permitted slavery
but gradually over the next thirty plus years Pennsylvania, New York, New
Jersey and the New England States each passed laws abolishing slavery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As Florida and Louisiana became American
possessions they maintained the institution of slavery as they had known it
under Spanish and French rule.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">There were social protocols
governing the relationships of masters and servants, whether those servants be
free or enslaved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A servant was a member
of the household, but not of the family.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Just like the Downton Abbey of early 20<sup>th</sup> century England,
servants never dined with the family, though a member of the family might, on
occasion, eat with the servants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Servants had their own living quarters distinct from the family.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Family members, no matter how young, were
always spoken to by title by the servants and servants were always called by
either their Christian name or their surname but never with a title.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If servants were in the family quarters it
was to serve, not just to entertain themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Separation was not strict—masters and servants often worked together on
the farm or the buildings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Servants
helped dress and undress their masters and mistresses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conversations, while always correct and
somewhat formal, might still be fairly intimate in content.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">The Catholic Church, like
most of the Protestant Churches—Anglican, Reformed/Presbyterian, and after 1800
Baptist and Methodist, took slavery for granted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Maryland Jesuits, the only priests
legally in the colonies before the Revolution, supported their mission work by
the large plantations they owned and the slaves that worked them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was considerable debate among
theologians about slavery and a distinction was drawn, as it has been about
war, about “unjust” and “just” enslavement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Nevertheless, the Church was slow to move against slavery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Between 1573 and 1826 books arguing that
slavery was fundamentally immoral ended up on the Index of Forbidden
Books.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some clergy who called for the
emancipation of slaves in the United States were excommunicated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was only in 1839 that arch-conservative
Pope Gregory XVI issued the Bull <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">In
Supremo Apostolatus</i> condemning both the slave trade and the institution
itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">In all this we must remember
that the United States was not the only country practicing the enslavement of
human persons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Far more to the
consciousness of the Roman Church was Latin America where slavery both of
native peoples and imported African slaves was widespread.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the time that Gregory issued his Bull,
slavery had begun to disappear in the Latin American scene, at least as a
formal institution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reaction of the
U.S. Bishops to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">In Supremo Apostolatus</i>
was much the same as their more contemporary successors would give to the papal
teaching on war, nuclear weapons, economic justice, and now, rights of
immigrants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They explained it away or,
for the most part, just ignored it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By
Gregory’s time, the issue of slavery had become a powder keg threatening to
blow up the Union and the bishops chose to turn a blind eye to slavery and a
deaf ear to the papal magisterium. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Well, the Bishops may not
have touched the match to the fuse but the blowup came and passed with way too
much blood shed and the aftermath was not pretty.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">This posting is not about
slavery but about segregation and in the years immediately following the Civil
War the Northern military governments controlling the Southern States which had
been “in rebellion” instituted a program called “Reconstruction.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In an attempt to right the wrongs of slavery
(and to rub the rebel noses in the mud and remind them that they lost the war)
many of the social institutions of the “Old South” were gutted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Former slaves found themselves able to vote
and to hold office while their masters, until they took an oath of allegiance
to the Union could not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The powerful
were cast down from their thrones and the lowly were raised up, but it was a
shaky and fragile state of things.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When
the political winds in Washington changed, as they always do, and
Reconstruction ended not with a bang but a whimper, those Blacks who had
collaborated with the Reconstructionist “carpet baggers” found themselves out
on a limb.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As more and more whites were
able to vote they took over the political machinery and instituted a series of
laws known as the Jim Crow Laws that established strict segregation of the
races.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were to be “separate but
equal” schools, hospitals, and other public institutions for whites and for
“people of color.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They got the separate
part right, but didn’t score high on the equal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There were “separate but equal” rest rooms, swimming pools, and waiting
rooms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Restaurants were free to serve
only whites and any restaurant that wanted to succeed in the white community
did precisely that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whites and Blacks
shopped at different stores, worshipped at different churches, and were buried
in different cemeteries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was illegal
for Blacks and Whites to intermarry and to be licensed to perform a wedding
clergy had to post a bond that guaranteed that they would perform no such
wedding.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Now, before we think this is
a Southern issue, the Northern States had a far more discrete method of
segregation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An African-American family
looking to buy a home was shown homes in neighborhoods with other
African-American families and Whites lived in White neighborhoods.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This meant, of course, that schools would be
predominately White or “Colored” depending on the neighborhood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And just like in the south, the schools where
the majority of students were of African descent were last to receive books,
experienced teachers, and educational materials.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As for churches—the parochial system in the
United States guaranteed that Catholic churches in white neighborhoods would be
white; those in Black neighborhoods would minister to the Black Catholic
community, which generally was quite small.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I remember myself seeing, probably around 1960, a number of people stand
up and leave the communion rail when a black family appeared at it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To the Church’s credit, however, it provided
many good and affordable parochial schools in Black parishes which gave
children an opportunity to get ahead in competition of better high schools and
colleges.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were several religious
orders of women established to work with African American children but most of
the traditionally White communities pitched in just as hard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If anything good can be said about the
Church’s response to racial injustice, it is due to the women, not to the
men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Throughout the nineteenth
century and well into the twentieth, the American bishops accepted the
segregation status quo without complaint.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Although Missouri, a slave state, had remained in the Union during the
Civil War it, like other Border States such as Kentucky and Maryland, had
adopted the strict segregation policies of the deep South.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Archdiocese of Saint Louis ran a good
number of Catholic Schools for Black Children but the schools were all strictly
segregated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the 1940’s progressive
clergy—especially the Jesuits at Saint Louis University—began to press for an
end to segregation and the Archbishop, John Glennon (later Cardinal), an octogenarian,
fought the change from segregation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Glennon, incidentally was not a Southerner himself but was Irish born
and bred.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One priest, a member of the
faculty at Saint Louis University, gave a blistering sermon that was reported
in newspapers across the country accusing the Archdiocese of Saint Louis of
immorality in its racial policies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Other
priests also spoke up in favor of integration and organized to push for
integration of Church institutions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
1943 Webster College, a woman’s college run by the Sisters of Loretto agreed to
accept black students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Glennon contact
the superior of the Sisters at the Motherhouse in Kentucky and had the decision
reversed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However the Jesuits at Saint
Louis University began admitting African American students at the (then)
all-male University. The relationship of the Jesuits at Saint Louis University
and the Archbishops of Saint Louis has some interesting chapters, renewed again
during the episcopate of our dear Cardinal Burke.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">The story was not much
different elsewhere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Archbishop Michael
Curley of Baltimore/Washington resisted pressure to integrate the schools and
parish of his Archdiocese which included the national capital.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the Civil Rights Movement picked up
momentum Catholic clergy were initially absent from the ranks because their
bishops and religious superiors refused them permission to participate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cardinal McIntyre of Los Angeles, one of the
greatest blemishes on history of the Church in the United States, suspended
priests for preaching in favor of Civil Rights for African Americans. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Archbishop Thomas Toolen of Mobile had made it
clear that no priest was to participate in the marches with Dr. Martin Luther
King and other Black leaders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once again, it was the women who led the way
as the nuns showed up where the priests feared to go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, much of the “radicalization” of
American Religious Women is rooted in their experience of challenging both the
authority of the bishops and the power of social norms in their participation
in the Civil Rights Movement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Toolen is an interesting
example of the ambivalence of the American hierarchy towards racial
justice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He opened new churches,
hospitals, schools, and orphanages to minister exclusively to African Americans
and was derided as “the nigger bishop” for his commitment to work in the Black
community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1950 he opened Saint
Martin de Porres Hospital in Mobile where both African American and White
physicians could practice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1964 he
ordered the integration of the Catholic schools in his diocese—of course this
was ten years after the Supreme Court’s Brown vs. Board of Education decision
mandated integration of public schools.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>To be fair, however, most public schools in the south had yet to be
integrated so this is another instance where the Church is slow but still on
the cutting edge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As stated above he
opposed the Civil Rights marches and demonstrations and forbad the clergy from
participating.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One priest, Father
Maurice Ouellet of the Edmundite Fathers was removed from his pastorate for
permitting the parish rectory to be used for organizational meetings for Civil
Rights Events.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He also rejected African
Americans as seminary candidates for priesthood. One of those rejected, Joseph
Howze, later became the first Bishop of Biloxi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">In my next posting we will
deal with the saga of Archbishop Joseph Rummel of New Orleans and the
excommunication of Judge Leander Perez, Jackson G. Ricau, and Una Gaillot,
three segregationists who opposed his desegregation of Catholic Institutions in
New Orleans Archdiocese. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-35268663274618080762016-05-29T09:57:00.000-07:002016-05-29T09:57:08.883-07:00A Favorite Church <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP6Jq957CHNVFFzseFA2bJtcbKhzEWgfpDhAJGYdYZOcD_GR5_FIG4fcyCdJagDkjL6jmYE4up07UxzyLOo2sUThgB-K2v036fyeuAc4_J3Dhny-Iwu3Pnvkq647NkALqjnUodECYwFY2o/s1600/san+stefano+rotondo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP6Jq957CHNVFFzseFA2bJtcbKhzEWgfpDhAJGYdYZOcD_GR5_FIG4fcyCdJagDkjL6jmYE4up07UxzyLOo2sUThgB-K2v036fyeuAc4_J3Dhny-Iwu3Pnvkq647NkALqjnUodECYwFY2o/s320/san+stefano+rotondo.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">One of my favorite churches
in Rome, probably for its uniqueness of design, is San Stefano Rotondo located
on the Caelian hill, not far from such other wonderful old Churches as San
Gregorio Magno and SS Giovanni e Paulo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Church is entirely in the round, being built in imitation of the
Anastasis, the circular aula over the tomb of Christ in Jerusalem’s Church of
the Holy Sepulcher.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pope Leo the Great
authorized the foundation of the Church but it was only built twenty years
later or so by Pope Simplicius between 468 an 483, making it one of the oldest
churches in Rome and unlike many of the more prominent churches has been little
altered over the years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The church was
built at the behest of the Valerian family—one of the most ancient and noble
Roman families—who owned much of the Caelian Hill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Saint Melania the Elder was a member of this
family and she had made frequent pilgrimages to Jerusalem and in fact had died
there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This may have influenced the
choice of a circular plan for the Church. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Twice in its history the
Church had attracted the notice of papal patrons who poured considerable wealth
into its embellishment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>John I and Felix
IV decorated the church with marble and mosaics in the sixth century and
Innocent II reinforced the fabric of the building in the twelfth century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Through most of its history, however, the
church was quite neglected, even to the point of being at times roofless.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1454 Nicholas V took the church from the
Canons of the Lateran who had permitted it to become almost ruinous and gave it
to the Hermits of Saint Paul, a Hungarian Order of Mendicant Friars and this
began an association that continues today of San Stefano Rotondo with the
Hungarian nation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hungarian Jesuits took
over the Church from the Pauline Hermits in 1579 and under the Jesuits the
church received its most notable decorations that last until today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the time of the great Jesuit missions
and Jesuits in their spreading of the Gospel were being put to death in the
Protestant nations of Europe, among the native Americans and First Nations of
what is today the United States and Canada, in Japan, Korea, and many other
places around the globe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ignatius’
Society of Jesus was being baptized in its own blood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was important to inculcate in the Order’s
novices the spirit of Martyrdom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
church was under the patronage of Saint Stephen—the first martyr—and what could
be more fitting than to encourage a spirituality rooted in willingness to shed
one’s blood for Christ.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Under the aegis
of Pope Gregory XIII, artists Antonio Tempesta and Niccolo Circignani carried
out a series of 34 murals depicting the martyrdoms of various saints in the
first centuries of the Church’s history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They are remarkably grisly: a real house of horrors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Charles Dickens described it thus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #262626; font-family: Times; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;">Charles Dickens may have put it best,
writing of his visit of the "hideous paintings" that cover the walls.
He wrote,</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Times; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Times; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">…such a panorama of horror and butchery
no man could imagine in his sleep, though he were to eat a whole pig raw, for
supper. Grey-bearded men being boiled, fried, grilled, crimped, singed, eaten
by wild beasts, worried by dogs, buried alive, torn asunder by horses, chopped
up small with hatchets: women having their breasts torn with iron pinchers,
their tongues cut out, their ears screwed off, their jaws broken, their bodies
stretched upon the rack, or skinned upon the stake, or crackled up and melted
in the fire: these are among the mildest subjects.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Times; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">The altar in San Stefano
Rotondo is placed dead center in the circle on an axis that runs from northwest
to the south east, giving the presider a choice of which position to face.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course when the Church is full, the
congregants surround the priest on all sides.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It is one of the peculiarities of the ancient churches of Rome that they
were not built facing east but face every direction of the compass.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-388960589214251322016-05-20T08:40:00.000-07:002016-05-20T08:40:34.337-07:00Opportunism and Magisterium <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijjBmB6t0sXieQED-MItGcjJD5U0I5u-p6JytErFy4ZNEyqYyKk5cCupuD-YmyOWukG7zVG48YAd_r6p3CkmELyoiZ_HeTwTHk6kxZDr4JBJlnPtrtNi-bQ8cCr4-GIWlL_yCaYoRv8hXG/s1600/mother.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijjBmB6t0sXieQED-MItGcjJD5U0I5u-p6JytErFy4ZNEyqYyKk5cCupuD-YmyOWukG7zVG48YAd_r6p3CkmELyoiZ_HeTwTHk6kxZDr4JBJlnPtrtNi-bQ8cCr4-GIWlL_yCaYoRv8hXG/s320/mother.jpg" width="252" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">My regrets for the recent hiatus—a combination of the
business of this time of the year, family and travel obligations, and feeling
somewhat under the weather has deprived me of the time I like to spend writing
this blog.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So let’s jump back in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was going to start soft, but then thought I
would bring out a piece I have been working at off and on over the past two
months. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">This past Easter Sunday the indomitable doyen of
Conservative American Catholicism, Mother Angelica of the Annunciation, Poor
Clare of Perpetual Adoration, went to her eternal reward.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The last fifteen years of her life she was
incapacitated by a series of strokes that removed her from her television
career and public view, but the impact she had on American Catholicism during
her heyday, from the mid 1980’s until her health crisis in 2001, is
immeasurable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Certainly no woman and
probably no American priest or prelate has had the impact of shaping
Catholicism in the United States that Mother Angelica exercised.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Born Rita Rizzo in 1923 in Canton Ohio, Mother Angelica was
the product of a broken home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her mother
worked hard to support herself and Rita but most of her younger years were
lived in extreme poverty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a young
girl of 16 she had a religious experience that involved a cure from a
mysterious abdominal ailment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Under the
guidance of Rhonda Wise, a Canton “mystic and stigmatic” who played a role in
Rizzo’s cure, she sought out a religious vocation and entered the Monastery of
Poor Clare nuns in Cleveland in 1944 at the age of 21. Mother Angelica always
said that she felt no draw to marriage and family life, most likely as a result
of the dysfunction in her own family or origin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those candidates who come from
unhappy family systems often have difficulty adjusting to the demands of
community life but right from the beginning,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>the young Sister Angelica was more a leader than simply a member of the
community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a novice she was selected
to be one of the Cleveland nuns to make a new foundation in her hometown of
Canton and she always cherished a dream of founding a monastery of her own
where she would be abbess.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">While still a novice she was injured in a domestic accident
causing persistent back pain and requiring her to wear a leg brace the
remainder of her life. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">From the beginning she was anxious to establish her own
monastery and in 1957, only four years after he final vows and at the age of 34
she took leadership for a proposed monastery in the diocese of Mobile
Alabama.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For six years she worked hard
to gather the funds to purchase property and build her monastery, which opened
in 1962. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">1962 was the year that the Second Vatican Council opened and
Mother Angelica and her nuns were quick to embrace the Council and its
reforms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were among the first to go
into a modified habit, pray the Office in English, and relax the rules of
Enclosure (cloister) that govern cloistered nuns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A strong advocate of exercise and healthy
lifestyle, among her innovations was to install a swimming pool for the nuns in
the monastery gardens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She invited and
encouraged the various communities of Religious Sisters in the area to come and
make use of the pool on their days off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Partially as a means of raising funds and partially as a publicity tool
for her nuns, Mother Angelica also began to write religious pamphlets
explaining Catholic doctrines and practices.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>These were, for the most part, well written and while traditionally
pious in their outlook, hardly reflected the more strident ideology of later
years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She also began taping the
conferences she gave her nuns and a market was found for these tapes among a
larger lay audience.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1972 she wrote
her first book and also began taping a weekly radio show.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This, in turn, led to many requests for her
to speak at conferences and assemblies across the United States which, despite
her a being cloistered religious, she accepted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>During a visit to Chicago to give a speech, she was invited to tour a
Baptist-owned television station and it gave her the idea to start a Catholic
network of her own—EWTN (Eternal World Television Network).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">I think it was the television experience that dramatically
altered her course.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The station was
initially a small operation run out of the monastery garage, but it began to
grow quickly in popularity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And as it
grew, it required more and more capital to sustain itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mother Angelica and her nuns borrowed
considerable sums of money to finance the work and as the loans came due there
were a number of financial crises.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
was here, I think, that Mother Angelica realized that the most conservative
wing of lay Catholics would be her most generous financial base and she began
to pander to that audience as she moved from a voice of main-line American
Catholicism to the right-wing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was
the early eighties.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was Reagan
America. The American Bishops, appointees of the Justice and Peace Pope, Paul
VI, had just written a pastoral letter condemning American participation in the
Arms Race.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were writing a pastoral
letter on economics that questioned American commitment to Free Market
capitalism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were planning a
pastoral letter on women.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the same
time, the ground beneath the Church was shifting as Pope John Paul II began to
distance himself from the course set by Paul VI and Vatican II.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The bishops, for the most part liberal, were
out on a limb and Mother decided to saw it off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">It was an opportune time—the authority of the hierarchical
or institutional Church in the United States was crumbling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The American religious system is
Congregationalism and Americans have never understood or trusted Bishops.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>American Catholics have had a sense of the
universal Church and of their local parish community but the diocesan level has
always seemed an expensive and unnecessary layer of authority.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The papacy is what sets us apart from our
Protestant neighbors and gives us a Catholic identity but bishops have been
seen as nothing more than sort of local lieutenants of the Vatican.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the early eighties as John Paul II carved
a new—and far more conservative path for the Church, the bishops lost evem this
credibility as local representatives of a Pope whose ideas they were often not
quick to embrace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moreover, the changes
in the Church since Vatican II, particularly the Liturgical changes, had eroded
the somewhat monolithic authority of the Church that existed before the
Council.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As many priests and most
religious dropped wearing distinctive dress and living a very distinct
lifestyle, laity began to feel more free to express their opinions and
differences about matters ecclesiastical.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">This perhaps provides the context for Mother Angelica’s
battle with Cardinal Mahoney over his 1997 Pastoral Letter: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gather Faithfully Together: A Guide for
Sunday Mass</i> in which the Cardinal outlined his goals for liturgical reform
in his diocese for the upcoming millennium.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The document is eminently sound doctrinally but, at the same time, was
“full speed ahead” with the liturgical development of the Second Vatican
Council and the post-conciliar years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Most upsetting to conservatives was its embracing of cultural diversity
and encouragement that the parish celebrations of the Liturgy reflect the wide
variety of cultures of the Catholics of Los Angeles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Americans struggle with cultural
diversity—our “melting pot” mythology wants immigrants to lose their
distinctive identities within a generation or two and become “Americans.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cardinal Mahoney’s letter put the Church
somewhat on the side of the multicultural and immigrant population contrary to
contemporary political wisdom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">By this time, many Catholics had been pushed to their limit
of tolerance with Liturgical change and Mother Angelica led the charge against
the Cardinal and his letter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Much like
today’s Republican nominee presumptive, Mother’s anger gave voice to the anger
and frustration of the Catholic Right.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was a tsunami of anger and vindictiveness as Mother Angelica and her
network gave voice to a segment of the Catholic population that had for a
quarter-century felt powerless as the Mass (and the Church, and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Leave it to Beaver America</i>) they knew
was slipping through their fingers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
was the Reagan years, the Newt Gringrich era.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Even though Mother<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Angelica had a popular following among the Catholics in the pews, it is
never a good idea to take on a Cardinal Archbishop.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You don’t win a pissing contest with a guy in
a red silk dress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The other American
bishops recognized in the challenge to Mahoney’s authority a challenge to their
own authority in their dioceses and while they may not have agreed with the
Cardinal, the boys stood together.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Moreover, as powerful connections as Mother Angelica had in Rome, they
were insignificant compared to the Cardinal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As far as Rome went, it was a draw with the Cardinal holding an
Ace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But even that was remarkable—had
the Cardinal played his hand differently he could have crushed the nun from
Alabama.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For some reason he chose not
to.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is always foolish to leave a
wounded animal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Where it played to Mother Angelica to have her spat with
Mahoney is that it drew attention and donations to her work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Christmas Eve 1993 Mother Angelica and her community of nuns
return to wearing the pre-Vatican II habit with some minor adjustments,
claiming that it was in response of obedience to the Church and as an example
for other religious to return to their traditional habits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was a brilliant marketing move both in
terms of financial support and vocations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was never clear where the “Church” said that the religious should
return to their pre-conciliar robes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>About
the same time the nuns began broadcasting a daily Mass from their monastery
chapel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the insistence of the local
bishop, the Mass was celebrated according to the approved 1970 Rite, but still with
considerable amounts of Latin and pre-conciliar ceremonial.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People began flocking to her Irondale Alabama
monastery and her liturgical adaptations began to be copied in many more
conservative parishes, becoming somewhat the “gold standard” for the “Reform of
the Reform” of the Roman Mass.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More and
more places saw two distinct styles of liturgy as some parishes embraced the
Mahoney model and others the Mother Angelica liturgy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">One of the customs that grew up in the Irondale monastery
was the “Mother Angelica dip”—a quick genuflection by the communicant before
standing and receiving the Eucharist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The rubrics call for a “sign of respect” for the Blessed Sacrament by the
standing recipient but say the appropriate sign is a bow—the “dip” became a
badge for those who preferred the return to a more traditional liturgy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While in the late 90’s the “dip” was becoming
an all but universal custom, it is rarely seen anymore since the Mother
Angelica disappeared from EWTN and the public eye.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">In 1999 Mother Angelica opened her new monastery and Shrine
of the Most Blessed Sacrament in Hanceville, Alabama.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Built at the cost of just under $50,000,000,
it was allegedly funded by five private donors including Catholic philanthropist
Tom Monaghan, founder of Domino’s Pizza.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It really was the crowning achievement of a long career.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Mother’s disappearance from the public view created a
challenge for her EWTN network.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Critics
referred to it as EWTN: Elderly Woman Talking Nonsense, but the fact of the
matter is that it was the presence of the wimpled and veiled acerbic old bag
that drew viewers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Viewership fell off
drastically and the station had to cut back both personnel and programming.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While the situation seems to have stabilized
these past few years, there was an open niche for someone who is more Catholic
than the Pope to be the public voice that undermines the bishops and take up
the mantle of the alternative magisterium.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Enter Michael Voris.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Voris lacked both the capital to establish a traditional
television broadcast operation and the dramatic costuming of a Poor Clare nun,
but he has worked well with what he has.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Internet provides him with a new form of television broadcasting
that is only beginning to grow in popularity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And his attacks on various Catholic hierarchs from Archbishop Vigneron
to Cardinal Dolan are giving a public voice to the anger and frustration of the
Catholic Right.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Voris has been very
careful not to go after the Pope which has disappointed his more radical
aficionados but which is very wise politically as that would give the bishops a
tool with which to attack—and destroy—him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">It is not that I want to accuse Michael Voris of insincerity
but I think that he, like Mother Angelica, is more<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a businessperson, an opportunist if you will,
than an ideologue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Voris was away from
the Church for much of his adult life and his return and embrace of that
vitriolic Catholicism that helped the Nun from Irondale succeed coincided with
her disappearance and the founding and rise of his Media work with the decline
of her television station.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Voris had
tried to develop an independent television production company, Concept
Communications LLC, before his retun to the faith but was unsuccessful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His relative
success with his current company, Saint Michael Media is only because of its
appeal to the krazies who miss Mother Angelica and have transferred their
allegiance to the new kid on the block. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Whether it be a Television Nun or an Internet
telejournalist, we need the leadership of the Church to distinguish between
authentic magisterial voice and independent commentators and make sure that the
Catholic in the pews knows which is which.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A big part of the problem, I believe, is that our bishops have yet to
find credibility as leaders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are
fighting two and a quarter centuries of episcopal leadership that their
congregants have never understood or appreciated but we need bishops who are
strong, loving, and wise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That means, of
course, the current crop has almost all to go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-48142609778393011872016-05-05T08:29:00.001-07:002016-05-05T08:31:40.730-07:00Foundations of the Church of England CXXX<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc89Yxqg0QrqVOb4vYLugoIgKP_Wg8sTXKxuwV2RQmRbI-t0i5Hiaf1ReBHvFJLsWz-3UHkiDvX3yfsKZQ2sZ6VbrRE_afJoTMXxEHoaFT2SAVr76-yypWT3CddcTRmjUev3j_rJ_B7rO9/s1600/All-Saints-664.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc89Yxqg0QrqVOb4vYLugoIgKP_Wg8sTXKxuwV2RQmRbI-t0i5Hiaf1ReBHvFJLsWz-3UHkiDvX3yfsKZQ2sZ6VbrRE_afJoTMXxEHoaFT2SAVr76-yypWT3CddcTRmjUev3j_rJ_B7rO9/s320/All-Saints-664.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">The original Tractarians were interested not so much in
ritual in as in refocusing the Church of England on its Patristic heritage
which had been somewhat overwhelmed, on the right by the evangelical revival of
the Low Church in the wake of Methodism and, on the left, by the rationalism of
the Enlightenment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The revival of
ritualism in the Church of England after the publishing of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tracts For The Times </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is more a by-product of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tracts</i> than an effect, but it is the
revival of ritualism that has come to define the Tractarians in particular and
the Oxford Movement in general.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Within
twenty years of the Tracts chasubles, thuribles, crucifixes and even
monstrances were make their reappearance from Yorkshire to Cornwall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Ritualism gained ground for a variety of reasons and
probably the most significant one was Sir Walter Scott.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>England was being swept by a romantic revival
that in reaction to the Enlightenment contempt for the Middle Ages, looked upon
the Medieval world as infinitely fascinating and even as the apogee of Western
civilization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To the romantic mind anything
medieval not only had an irresistible draw, but was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ipso facto </i>infinitely superior to anything modern.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In art the pre-Raphaelite school became the
heart and soul of Victorian taste.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
architecture, it was the neo-gothic of Pugin and Sir Charles Barry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And this overflowed into the Church with an
incredible abandonment of the Puritan contempt for all traces of papism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">A second factor in the success of the Ritualists was their
willingness to take posts that no one else wanted, usually because the salaries
were deemed insufficient by the more ambitious clergy or because the ministry
was among the working or lower classes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Many parishes, including those that in the nineteenth century served the
working classes had sufficient endowments to support clergy and even to pay for
the liturgical gewgaws required for ritual upgrades, but, especially in the new
industrial cities, there were many parishes that did not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Clergy who had independent means—and not an
inconsiderable number did—did not have to rely on the parish for support—or for
approval of their liturgical innovations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Ritualists actually got a reputation for working among the under-classes
and this enhanced their reputation—especially among the politically liberal
sections of society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>William Gladstone,
three-times Prime Minister, was perhaps the most notable liberal politician
supportive of the Ritualist Restoration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Lord Halifax (Charles<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wood, 2<sup>nd</sup>
Viscount Halifax) was another.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">One person who was not supportive—to the contrary was so
anti-ritualist that the bishops dare wear only their black chimeres over their
rochets when officiating in her presence—was Queen Victoria whose taste in
liturgics ran to the Presbyterianism of the Church of Scotland.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Victoria was ever-mindful that she was a
Protestant Sovereign reigning over a Protestant England but ultimately, much
like her predecessor, Elizabeth I, was not able to exercise her influence over
Church ceremony far beyond her own chapel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Similarly while many of the old aristocratic families clung to
low-Church tastes, the new blood and new money was quite gung-ho for smells and
bells.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">The ritualist revival drove a deeper and more clear wedge
between the High Church and the Low Church.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Just entering a church or seeing its clergy vested told you exactly
where they stood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before the ritualist
revival, liturgy was fairly standard throughout England; as a result or the
revival it ran the spectrum from low church quasi-dissent to high church quasi-Romanism.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">The apogee of Ritualism was All Saint’s Margaret Street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It had begun as a dissenters’ chapel in the
18<sup>th</sup> century, plain and Spartan in its architecture, later coming
into communion with the Established Church.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In 1829 William Dodsworth was named as incumbent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dodsworth was a Low Church Evangelical who
was converted to High Churchmanship by the Tracts for the Times and won his
congregation over to the Tractarian position.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Dodsworth eventually “swam the Tiber” and became a Roman Catholic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was succeeded by Frederick Oakeley who
also—as a result of the Gorham Case—would become a Catholic but not before
proposing that the chapel be rebuilt in a more suitable, i.e. pre-Reformation,
style and raised <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">£</span>30,000 (today about 3.2 million dollars) for the project.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Oakley’s successor, William Upton Richards, decided to see
the project through and enlisted the assistance of the Cambridge Camden
Society, to build the quintessential Anglo-Catholic house of worship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The result was an exuberant tribute to
romantic eclecticism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Inside is a
kaleidoscope of mosaic, glass, painting, marble and tile.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Church is fitted out with brocaded
dossals and antependia, gorgeous vestments and sacred vessels, candelabra, and
altar crosses on a scale worthy of a Spanish cathedral.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The final cost was over <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">£</span>70,000
(or approximately 8 million USD in today’s money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was an attached school to provide the
choristers for services and a parish house.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria";"><span style="font-size: large;">Just as an aside, All Saint’s Margaret Street
has a reputation for being not only “gay-friendly,” but “gay swamped.” Years ago I read an amusing little book by
Father Colin Stephenson entitled <i>Merrily
on High</i>. It is an entertaining, if
campy, collection of anecdotes about some of the second and third generation leading
lights of the Oxford Movement were There
has always been a gay subtext to ritualism.
This is not to accuse any individual of inappropriate behavior—indeed the
moral tone set by the early Tractarians, both married and celibate, set a
standard that remained unbroken for over a century. Nevertheless, high-Church parishes such as
All Saints, Saint Mary the Virgin in New York, The Church of the Advent
(Boston), and Ascension/Saint Agnes in Washington all have easily accommodated
themselves to the more liberal views of the Anglican and Episcopal Churches in
their respective countries wile correspondingly low-Church congregations such
as Saint Helen’s Bishopsgate in London, The Falls Church (Falls Church, VA), or
many of the parishes associated with the various new Anglican fellowships in
the United States would take a more conservative approach to LGBT
parishioners. Ironically the Church
could survive the doctrinal and liturgical divergences created by
Tractarianism, but are finding themselves torn apart on contemporary social
issues such as the inclusion of women and of LGBT people. </span></span><!--EndFragment--></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-10442325053626647152016-05-02T08:56:00.000-07:002016-05-02T08:56:02.707-07:00Requiescat in Pace, Daniel Berrigan SJ <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Father Daniel Berrigan,
Jesuit, died on Saturday April 30, 2016 in the Jesuit infirmary at Fordham
University in New York City.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL6OXJECtzSRiSO44g_7uwq1Feg7WecyJFArl6YCkncygokymEB0DbLkxTJFf1k1EUB4KOr4dN0auFJ5VXBR4_c9z0ZCCeX8U8dwCE3rS8x1Z1yxdyBnTmgqahRHiWqsHVYuIbvbwwfPQ8/s1600/daniel_berrigan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL6OXJECtzSRiSO44g_7uwq1Feg7WecyJFArl6YCkncygokymEB0DbLkxTJFf1k1EUB4KOr4dN0auFJ5VXBR4_c9z0ZCCeX8U8dwCE3rS8x1Z1yxdyBnTmgqahRHiWqsHVYuIbvbwwfPQ8/s1600/daniel_berrigan.jpg" /></a><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Berrigan was a pivotal figure
in the history of American Catholicism as he epitomized the new phenomenon of
the Activist Priest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While the Catholic
Clergy in the United States had a long history of providing intellectual and
academic backing for social reform with figures like Monsignor John Ryan and
Monsignor George Higgins and while<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Bishop Frank Haas, Monsignor Geno Baroni, and Monsignor John Boland were
priests who worked closely with politicians to effect change, all were priests
who stayed well within the defined role of the clergy and the limits of the
law.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With Daniel Berrigan we get the
priest who is not afraid to step out in a prophetic model and demand attention
for the Truth he burns to speak.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">To appreciate Berrigan’s
significance, we need to go back to the placid days of Dwight Eisenhower and
pre-Vatican II Catholicism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Church
stood with the establishment, or at least did not bite the hand that was feeding
it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The civil turmoil that has marked
our nation was just starting sixty years ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks were still young.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Catholics were not getting on bus of Civil
Rights, we kept our nose out of other people’s issues. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Due to the opposition to the Civil Rights
Movement of such powerful Catholic hierarchs as Archbishop Thomas Toolen of Mobile
and Francis Cardinal McIntyre of Los Angles, Catholic clergy were long
embarrassingly absent from the front lines of Dr. King’s protests.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Local Bishops and religious superiors
prohibited their subjects from taking any direct action in Civil Disobedience
though they were often more tolerant of their preaching on the subject.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was seen that the role of the clergy and
religious was preaching and teaching rather than social activism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some, like Trappist monk and author Thomas
Merton, appealed to their audiences through their writing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But when, on May 17<sup>th</sup> 1968 Daniel
Berrigan, his brother Phil (then a member of Josephite Fathers), Brother David
Darst of the Christian Brothers, and six lay associates went into the Selective
Service Office in Catonsville MD and removed about 600 Draft Files to the
parking lot where they were burned with homemade napalm, it was a new day for
the role of the clergy as social activists and not merely theoreticians and
teachers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Actually this was Philip
Berrigan’s second act of civil disobedience; he had the year before poured
blood on Selective Service Records in Baltimore.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Daniel was not involved in that action.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even though there were others involved, and
Daniel did not seek the spotlight, he was from the beginning the center of
interest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had a certain charism that
drew your attention.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not everyone was
happy with Daniel Berrigan of course.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cardinal
Spellman, who was also the Bishop for the US military, would not permit him in
the Archdiocese of New York.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most
Catholic institutions were afraid to host him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He was convicted for the Catonsville Action and fled into hiding.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Captured at the Block Island home of
Episcopalian theologian William Stringfellow he served three years in
prison.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But his prison term seemed only
to enhance his standing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">I think Berrigan’s deeply
thoughtful personality, sound Jesuit spirituality, and natural gentleness gave
him a moral credibility that he was able to transfer over to the causes he was
associated with.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1980 he was one of
the founders of the Plowshares Movement, an anti-nuclear weapons group.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They broke into a General Electric facility
in Pennsylvania where they hammered nuclear missile nose cones and poured blood
on files.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Back to jail.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think his willingness to take the
punishment for his crimes also gave him a certain moral credibility.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">The story of the Plowshares
Movement attack on the nuclear missile warheads was the subject of the 1983
film <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">In the King of Prussia</i> directed
and written by Emile de Antonio starring Martin Sheen—and the Plowshares eight
playing themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Emile de Antonio was
a maker of socio-political documentaries, perhaps the most significant director
of social-political documentaries in the second half of the twentieth Century
America, and the film made people stop and rethink the action of Plowshares
activists from a moral perspective that gave it a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>different nuance. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Daniel Berrigan had a close
friendship with and mutual admiration for Buddhist mystic Thich Nhat Hanh.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both were committed deeply to the path of
non-violence and Hanh writes of Berrigan’s influence on him in his book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Living Buddha, Living Christ</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Berrigan seems not to have been too
scrupulous about following some Catholic limitations on Inter-Religious
Dialogue but Hanh writes a particularly surprising (and moving) description of
the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Of course, that is the problem with Berrigan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was not a rules follower.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even by Jesuit standards, he was a pretty
free agent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Daniel Berrigan was also an
outspoken opponent of abortion and of the death penalty, espousing a true
pacifist’s commitment to the Seamless Garment theology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Below are three quotes from
Daniel Berrigan:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">But how shall
we educate men to goodness, to a sense of one another, to a love of the truth?
And more urgently, how shall we do this in a bad time?</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Helvetica Neue";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Helvetica Neue";">One is
called to live nonviolently, even if the change one works for seems impossible.
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Helvetica Neue";">Spirituality
was the main issue. Connection with God was the main issue<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-82654474921290893942016-04-30T13:49:00.001-07:002016-05-01T09:31:30.751-07:00Going Into The Windup With The First Stone <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEqQ7E39GwU1anNn7v87eMrrhP3H4n5xlAi8uVdEY87Lwdjz6TJbxACe5V_tT_8qbCsJ7PaQ3_W1Aq_S2tfFzB8eMsxeMg3Lh6Aly9pRmMpj4IjmevDR548MZg60mtSuwc7ErE_Ibs1EUa/s1600/Daniel_Coughlin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEqQ7E39GwU1anNn7v87eMrrhP3H4n5xlAi8uVdEY87Lwdjz6TJbxACe5V_tT_8qbCsJ7PaQ3_W1Aq_S2tfFzB8eMsxeMg3Lh6Aly9pRmMpj4IjmevDR548MZg60mtSuwc7ErE_Ibs1EUa/s1600/Daniel_Coughlin.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">Fr. Daniel Coughlin<br />Chaplain, US House<br />of Representatives<br />2001-2011</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Let’s all take a walk down
Memory Lane to late 1999 when then newly-elected Speaker of the United States
House of Representatives, Dennis Hastert, (an “Evangelical Christian”)
appointed a bi-partisan committee of Members of the House to nominate a new
chaplain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Technically, the appointment
of a Chaplain to the House is a prerogative of the Speaker, but as the Chaplain
is available to all members of the Chamber for Spiritual Guidance, Hastert
believed that a search committee would be a good idea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were over 50 applicants for the job; heading
the list of three finalists submitted to Speaker Hastert was Father Timothy
O’Brien, a priest of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee, nominated for the post by
Representative Gerald Kleczka (Wisconsin, Democrat). Never before in its 210
year history had the House had a Catholic Chaplain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It almost didn’t then.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">O’Brien holds a doctorate and
is a professor of Political Science at Marquette University.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: #273452; font-size: 16.0pt;">His undergraduate degree is in
Pastoral Ministry; his specialized studies include Counseling and Addictive
Personality; he has been Consultant to the Archdiocese of Milwaukee, Department
of Social Ministry since 1984; he served as Chaplain at Walter Reed Medical
Center; he has worked in youth ministries most of his life; and for three
decades he has counseled soldiers—male and female, single and married—as a
Colonel in the Army Reserve. In other words, O’Brien was a man of remarkable
qualification for the job.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Speaker Hastert, supported by Texas Representative and
House Majority Leader, Dick Armey, (Presbyterian) passed over Father O’Brien
and Episcopalian Reverend Robert Dvorak to choose Presbyterian Charles Nathan
Wright.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Immediately there were cries of
“foul” and “anti-Catholicism” as it was revealed that while the committee had overwhelming
recommended O’Brien as first choice, there were House members who had pass
questionable remarks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Representative
Steve Largent (Republican Okla.; “Born Again Christian”) passed the derogatory
remark about O’Brien’s clerical collar: “Tell me about that thing you’re
wearing.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Others publically wondered how
a man who was himself unmarried could be resourceful to married
counselees.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One went so far as to
question whether an unmarried clergyman could be of sound moral character.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were unfounded rumors of financial
improprieties.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The whole thing became
quite unsavory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hastert and his Evangelical
supporters, being very blunt that they wanted a Protestant chaplain, dug in
their heels and insisted on Wright.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>House Whip, Tom DeLay (Republican, TX, and a Baptist) asserted that
O’Brien would never serve as Chaplain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
mainline Republicans, especially from beyond he Bible Belt, began to feel
pressure from their constituents. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When
even conservative Catholics began to complain about Republican Presidential
candidate George W. Bush opening his campaign at notoriously anti-Catholic Bob
Jones University, the credibility of the Republican Party in regard to respect
for its Catholic members made Hastert find the quickest way to undo to the
damage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">In the end Reverend Wright
withdrew his acceptance of the post.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
time Hastert skipped all the niceties of a search committee and contacted
Chicago Archbishop Francis George for a suggestion of a priest that could fit
the bill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Archbishop suggested
Father Daniel Coughlin of Chicago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Congress
was out of session when Hastert made the appointment but elected Coughlin as
House Chaplain on January 2, 2001 when the 107<sup>th</sup> congress
convened.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Father Coughlin did remarkable
work as a chaplain until his retirement in 2001.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> As a testimony to the success of his ministry, h</span>is successor is another Catholic priest, the Jesuit Father Patrick
Conroy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Now of course Mr. Hastert
finds himself in troubles of his own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Surprisingly many of his “Evangelical” colleagues, including Mr. DeLay
and other former members of the House have written letters praising his
contribution to American Political Life and recommending leniency in his
sentencing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is an American cultural
problem: the sin is not in the act it is in the getting caught. While the
issues are essentially different, the same flaw of public righteousness
concealing private sin underlies the Michael Voris situation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Again, many of the neo-trads are rallying to
him, calling him “brave,” and “an example for us all.” Can you imagine how the
American public would have reacted to Hastert's abuse of young men in the days when he wielded such
power from the Speaker’s Chair?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was
the time of Karl Rove and his cynical exploitation of religious
conservatives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They hypocrisy of so many
of those same voices has gradually come to light and done tremendous damage to
any and all religious credibility.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
same is true of Michael Voris.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I will
give him credit for having “abandoned his sinful ways” but in his embracing a
gospel of contempt and disdain for those in whose company he once found
himself, he has only reinforced a negative view of Catholicism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">I am sorry that Mr. Hastert
and Mr. Voris had ever been trapped in their particular questionable lifestyles
but I wish that they had learned understanding rather than judgment from their
experiences.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A healthy recovery from sin
reminds us to stand with the publican and pray “Have mercy on me for I am a
sinner,” rather than with the Pharisee reminding God of our alleged
righteousness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maybe the rest of us,
whether or not we have mud caked on our hands, can learn not to throw stones
but to ask God for the gift of a listening heart.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(cf 1 Kings 3:9)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-44999686120872385432016-04-22T07:46:00.000-07:002016-04-22T07:46:09.849-07:00Let's Not Play In The Mud <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBhblIPwCpn-vVlyVpj12oO9J4INa3_KhPNSxnEBf7ZepkvJ93wELp4W4V5Hzu2pFkWbBGHL4LGYPEJqe0JTPE0d7rYQ4VmPRNyD5egUKs4nWtGKm1FjGIW1encOtlkGjWDaI32VCdhbsv/s1600/michael+voris.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBhblIPwCpn-vVlyVpj12oO9J4INa3_KhPNSxnEBf7ZepkvJ93wELp4W4V5Hzu2pFkWbBGHL4LGYPEJqe0JTPE0d7rYQ4VmPRNyD5egUKs4nWtGKm1FjGIW1encOtlkGjWDaI32VCdhbsv/s1600/michael+voris.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">Michael Voris</span></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #262626; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">Just as I was posting the last entry on Father James Martin and
his “ten takeaways” from Pope Francis’ <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Amoris
Laetitia</i>, there was a not so startling public confession from
self-proclaimed Catholic media apologist Michael Voris that he had, prior to
his “reversion” to our Catholic faith “lived a life of live-in relationships
with homosexual men.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #262626; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">What prompted Mr. Voris to emerge from the closets of his former
lovers is that apparently the Archdiocese of New York has been going to
considerable lengths to investigate Voris who is an outspoken critic of the
Cardinal-Archbishop of New York and many other American bishops.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Archdiocese—and its Cardinal Archbishop—apparently
see a need to discredit Mr. Voris and are willing to get down into the mud to
do it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #262626; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">I am not surprised at Mr. Voris’ admission.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am a bit off-put by his avoidance of a
deeper self-honesty, attributing his choices to being “confused about my own
sexuality” and his claim that “</span><span style="color: #262626; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;">From the outside, I lived the lifestyle and contributed to
scandal in addition to the sexual sins. On the inside, I was deeply conflicted
about all of it.” </span><span style="color: #262626; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The implication
is that others took advantage of “the deep pains of my youth.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It would not be fair to say that Mr. Voris
should acknowledge his homosexuality because it seems from his statements that
that he has yet to connect the dots of his past relationships to create an
accurate self-portrait.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think he has
been as honest, as remarkably honest, with his audience as he is with himself;
the need is for him to do more homework on himself and come to understand
better his own psycho-sexual identity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #262626; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">I must admit that I am not surprised at Mr. Voris’ admission of
having led a gay lifestyle for so long.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
opposition to same-sex issues—gay priests and seminarians, same-sex marriage, a
supportive policy of pastoral care of those with same-sex attraction, parishes
such as Saint Francis Xavier in NYC that are “gay friendly”—has been so
disproportionate to other issues as to identify homosexuality as one of Mr
Voris’ obsessions, and an unhealthy obsession at that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Happy, well-adjusted heterosexual men don’t
usually have the passion to wage homophobic campaigns that Mr. Voris had
demonstrated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #262626; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">I only wish that the wild and wooly sexual experiences of Mr.
Voris’s past life <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>had taught him
compassion rather than had confirmed him in black and white judgment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By this I don’t mean that he should validate
the LGBT socio-political agenda but rather that it is sad that he cannot look
at the LGBT socio-political agenda and see not a niche for a cultural warrior
to make a name for himself <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>but to see the
individual men and women who have all the challenges and confusions and “deep
pains” of their youths that comprise the struggles of human lives, gay or
straight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We all need to look beyond the
categories into which we pigeonhole people and see each individual in his or
her particular struggle to find the inner energy to love God and to love one’s
neighbor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Life is just not lived in the black
and white.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #262626; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">What
is the scandal in this story is not Mr. Voris’ past life. Every one of us has a past. What is the scandal is that the New York
Archdiocese decided to snoop in various closets in order to discredit a
detractor. I will be the first to say
that the American hierarchy should have long ago sidelined Voris—along with the
late Mother Angelica, Judy Brown, Michael Hichborn, Matt Abbott and others who
set themselves up as an alternative magisterium, but do it without slinging mud
and digging into individuals’ personal lives.
Mud does not become Holy Mother Church; we have given our enemies enough
mud to sling at us, we don’t need to play in it ourselves. </span><!--EndFragment--></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-43280414547663422612016-04-22T06:19:00.001-07:002016-04-22T06:19:19.107-07:00Father Martin, Pope Francis, Amoris Laetitia--Takeaway II <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj9sgH45Vkdeyiq9cc6d87ultnG0dzaG26FtwiMf2GW535TGin9sT4dVxA9U9TUNTPbcu9DHk0z12mFcRKOahuhA6P7WZYOrRp7K02JWgnn_kSEQjFRoZlroFjoTsbVsarlttkVpCswjW8/s1600/pope+francis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj9sgH45Vkdeyiq9cc6d87ultnG0dzaG26FtwiMf2GW535TGin9sT4dVxA9U9TUNTPbcu9DHk0z12mFcRKOahuhA6P7WZYOrRp7K02JWgnn_kSEQjFRoZlroFjoTsbVsarlttkVpCswjW8/s1600/pope+francis.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">Well to stir up the hornet’s nest, let’s return
to Father Martin and his “ten takeaways” from Pope Francis and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Amoris Laetitia</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The issue today is the sovereignty of
conscience.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In forming our conscience we
must pay serious attention to the teaching of the Church—but the teaching of
the Church cannot take the place of conscience nor can we be expected to give
blind obedience to the teaching of the Church as that would be equivalent to
resigning our personal responsibility for making moral decisions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We need personally and seriously to consider
the choices that face us in life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Church provides guidance, but it must be our interior adherence to the Holy
Spirit that sets our course.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">2. The role of conscience is paramount in moral decision
making</span></i></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;"> “Individual conscience needs to be better incorporated into
the church’s practice in certain situations which do not objectively embody our
understanding of marriage” (303). That is, the traditional belief that
individual conscience is the final arbiter of the moral life has been forgotten
here. The church has been “called to form consciences, not to replace them”
(37). Yes, it is true, the Pope says, that a conscience needs to be formed by
church teaching. But conscience does more than to judge what does or does not
agree with church teaching. Conscience can also recognize with “a certain moral
security” what God is asking (303). Pastors, therefore, need to help people not
simply follow rules, but to practice “discernment,” a word that implies
prayerful decision making (304).<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">Where I think a lot of people go wrong in the
process is that they take the teaching of the Church as one opinion among many
and do not honestly wrestle with its authoritative angel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But it is important to acknowledge that at
the end of the dark night of struggle, God does ot always grant the victory to
the magisterial angel. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">Franz Jäggerstätter was a farmer from Sankt
Radegund in Austria.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was born illegitimate
though he was adopted by his mother’s husband after her marriage in 1917 and
took his family name.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jäggerstätter was
not a religious, much less devout, youth and in addition to a life of general rowdiness,
he himself fathered a daughter out of wedlock.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>However in 1936 he married Franziska Schwaninger, a very devout Catholic
and himself underwent a personal conversion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He joined the Third Order of Saint Francis and undertook the duties as
Sacristan in his local parish.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was
the only citizen of Sankt Radegund to vote against the Anschluss (the union of
Austria to the Third Reich) in 1938 and although he was conscripted into the
Army in 1940, his work as a farmer gave him a deferment from service. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">As the war progressed Jäggerstätter began to question
its morality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He even had several
interviews with his bishop whom he, Jäggerstätter, felt was avoiding the moral
issues surrounding the War.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When called
up for active service he felt that he could not in conscious serve despite the
assurances of both his bishop and parish priest that it was his responsibility to
his family and his duty as a citizen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
was arrested and imprisoned and tried in a military court for the “undermining
military morale” by his objections to the legitimacy of the War.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was executed by guillotine on August 9,
1943.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">Even in death he was excoriated by the Church for
his conscientious objection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Remember
that in Jäggerstätter’s time the Catholic Church had established no criterion
to justify conscientious objection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His parish
priest told him that by putting himself in the position where he would be
executed he would be neglecting his duty towards his wife and children.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He died in disgrace and without the support
of the Church.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was only in the 1960’s
through the efforts of Gordon Zahn and Thomas Merton that his story became
known and he was perceived as a hero of conscience. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was beatified in 2007 and his feast day is
May 21.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">I think today there is no Christian who would
disagree with Jäggerstätter that the Nazi cause was sinful and unjust but that
is not how it was seen at the time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To the
contrary—the German and Austrian bishops and clergy supported the War and even
the Pope was deliberately (and scandalously) vague, if not silent, about the
atrocities of the Third Reich.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jäggerstätter
determined his conscience contrary to what he was being told were Catholic
principles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">A simpler example, though far less dramatic, is
the one found in the Gospel of Luke (also found in Matthew and Mark) where the
Disciples pick grain on the Sabbath to satisfy their hunger.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were in violation of the Law.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jesus could see, however, how the Law did not
apply in their instance and reprimanded the Pharisees and scribes who criticize
them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is only one of many examples
in the Gospels where Jesus himself sanctions—and even practices—a violation of
the Law of Moses because the particular situation is complicated by extraneous
factors that require a moral response distinct from strict literal obedience to
the Law of God.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-51154769399550706122016-04-20T09:39:00.002-07:002016-04-20T09:39:57.087-07:00Foundations of the Anglican Church CXXIX<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOtQtfjph0HNQYzbeOCLYuhXP868xFi6qE2y28na2bpYnb2-bZpTKZlvL3iux5DZ0eRINi2jUHHr82yaJmh17P3CsE4dFuhJJCaex0kGWyciazvEfOs9LUV96hh71xuMC13bXhgpDBU1hY/s1600/George+Cornelius+Gorham.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOtQtfjph0HNQYzbeOCLYuhXP868xFi6qE2y28na2bpYnb2-bZpTKZlvL3iux5DZ0eRINi2jUHHr82yaJmh17P3CsE4dFuhJJCaex0kGWyciazvEfOs9LUV96hh71xuMC13bXhgpDBU1hY/s1600/George+Cornelius+Gorham.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">George Cornelius Gorham</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "georgia"; font-size: 16.0pt;">Well, back to the Anglicans for a
posting or two.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I had mentioned that the
Oxford Movement did not begin about liturgical practices but about a return to
patristic theology and doctrinal orthodoxy as opposed to the influences of 19<sup>th</sup>
century skepticism and liberalism which were threatening the Church.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gregory XVI and Pius IX were able to control
these threats by decree (and vindictive punishment) in the Catholic Church, but
the Church of England had only the Sovereign (and, for practical purposes, that
meant Parliament, a religiously heterogeneous assortment of miscreants at best)
to preserve its doctrinal integrity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
voices of Oxford were an internal “from the grass-roots up” reform of the
Church and it was, overall, quite successful when you consider the odds it was
facing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a result of the Oxford push
for a High Church polity that went far beyond where Laud would have ever dared,
the Church of England polarized a bit between the High Church patristic
theologians and the Low Church Evangelical theologians, but liberalism (the
nasty sort represented by the Earl of Shaftsbury and the rationalists) was
effectively purged from the Church for almost a century and a half.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "georgia"; font-size: 16.0pt;">An interesting occurrence in the
Church of England at this time gives us a glimpse of the theological liberalism
from which the Oxford Movement was able to preserve the Church of England.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "georgia"; font-size: 16.0pt;">George Cornelius Gorham was a
priest of the Church of England.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had
graduated from Queen’s College, Cambridge, with honors in Mathematics in 1805
and was ordained priest for the Church of England in 1811 despite the Bishop’s
(Thomas Dampier of Ely) concern for his orthodoxy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In particular Gorham denied the doctrine of
Baptismal regeneration—that the newly baptized, by virtue of the Sacrament, was
“reborn” and incorporated into the Body of Christ, the Church. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gorham’s objections were based on a curious
mixture of Calvinism and rationalism. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The theological implication of his view is
that sacraments are only what we make of them and are not God’s promise and
deliverance of grace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is the problem
with the ambiguities of the Anglican tradition—the pacific avoidance of clear
doctrinal stands leaves open the possibilities of un-orthodox interpretations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gorham didn’t have a particularly successful
career in the Church, he was almost 60 years old when he was finally given a
parish of his own, St. Just in Penwith and that was in Cornwall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bishop of Exeter, Henry Phillpotts (of whom
we heard in the surplice riots) seemed to have no reason to refuse him a pulpit
despite his liberal theology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, only
a year later when Gorham was presented for the living of Saint Peter’s Church,
Bramford Speke, Phillpotts refused to institute him parish on account of Gorham’s
theological stance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gorham appealed to
an ecclesiastical court which upheld Bishop Phillpott’s decision. Gorham then
appealed over the Church to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was a dramatic move because it took a
matter of doctrine from the jurisdiction of the Church and appealed to a
governmental body for a decision.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gorham
was vindicated by the Privy Council but almost a score of prominent Anglicans
left the Church of England—mostly for the Catholic Church—as a result,
rejecting the idea that the temporal power had authority in matters
spiritual.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bishop Phillpott was so
incensed that he threated to excommunicate any bishop—including the Archbishop
of Canterbury—who might come to institute Gorham in his new living.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instituted or not Gorham took up the living
and remained there the remaining nine years or so of his life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He carried out considerable restoration work
in the Church, a project for which “no hard feelings” Phillpott
contributed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--StartFragment-->
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "georgia"; font-size: 16.0pt;">The
Gorham case gives us insight into various issues that troubled—and some which
continue to trouble—the Church of England.
As a State Church the Government has immense influence over the Church—appointing
bishops and, at least in the past, needing to approve changes in the
Liturgy. Given that all members of the
Cabinet, much less Parliament, are not required to be Anglicans this becomes
rather bizarre. </span><!--EndFragment--></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-19791188507139407722016-04-18T07:11:00.003-07:002016-04-18T07:11:50.090-07:00Father James Martin and Thoughts on Amoris Laetitia<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBlI-IVKkTRAd_ddguIUGCkDy9_4lktEfkIrU3Yl0d4WwIwtBSs-aLf0inMg-s0AsAUpPA70LjFL9alof_k_FvOu_lrQrppF_9OPfmrnKYa0QNkrpa7rPffTqttk3PpaR_1N3SQ2OB3F3g/s1600/james+martin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBlI-IVKkTRAd_ddguIUGCkDy9_4lktEfkIrU3Yl0d4WwIwtBSs-aLf0inMg-s0AsAUpPA70LjFL9alof_k_FvOu_lrQrppF_9OPfmrnKYa0QNkrpa7rPffTqttk3PpaR_1N3SQ2OB3F3g/s320/james+martin.jpg" width="213" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">Father James Martin, SJ</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">Father James Martin recently published in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">America</i> magazine the top ten “takeaways”
from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Amoris Laetitia</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think they are worth considering and I want
to make some comments on them here as Father Martin gives us some great
insights into what really is a historic shift in the way we perceive the moral
issues affecting contemporary family life. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Here is number one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">1. The church needs to understand
families and individuals in all their complexity</span></i></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;"> The church needs to meet people where they are. So pastors are
to “avoid judgments which do not take into account the complexity of various
situations” (296). People should not be “pigeonholed or fit into overly rigid
classifications leaving no room for personal and pastoral discernment” (298).
In other words, one size does not fit all. People are encouraged to live by the
Gospel, but should also be welcomed into a church that appreciates their
particular struggles and treats them with mercy. “Thinking that everything is
black and white” is to be avoided (305). And the church cannot apply moral laws
as if they were “stones to throw at people’s lives” (305). Overall, he calls
for an approach of understanding, compassion and accompaniment.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">There has been in the past, at least in American
Catholic culture, too great an emphasis on the objective moral values without
placing them in the context of the every-day-life situations in which real
people find themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Despite the
admonitions of Saint Paul both in Romans and in Galatians, we seem determined
to live under the law—or at least make our neighbor live under the law—rather than
under grace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The old catechism, for all
its flaws, reminded us that circumstances qualified the sinfulness of our
wrongdoings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition to the act
having to be gravely wrong to be a “mortal sin,” we had to know that it was
wrong and we had to give <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">full</i> consent
of the will to it. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We were conditioned
to interpret “know it is wrong” and “full consent of the will” in the most
narrow of senses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact it is not
enough for a priest or a parent or a nosy neighbor to tell us something is
wrong for us to know it is wrong.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To
know that it is wrong we must have, if not a full understanding that it is
wrong at least that interior conviction of its wrongness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And full consent of the will is even more
complex as a variety of exterior circumstances can seriously affect our freedom
to make the best possible choice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moral decisions
are often not easy and they are even less often “black and white.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is not to condone “situation ethics.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wrong remains wrong; right remains right but
the degree of moral culpability is not a steady quotient.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even more to the point, however, is that it
is not left to us to evaluate the state of another person’s soul and to throw
the stones of judgment at those with whose moral decisions we disagree.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">In the first session of the Second Vatican
Council Bishop Emil de Smedt of Brugge (Belgium) declared that the Church had
to move away from “clericalism, legalism, and triumphalism.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some progress on this migration had been made
before the long winter’s night of John Paul II and Benedict XVI set in and now
Francis seems to be returning to the previous course.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think it no coincidence that those most
upset by the distinctly unjuridical tone of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Amoris
Laetitia </i>are the same voices that decry the fully conscious and active <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>participation in the Liturgy and who just get
goose-bumps at the thought of a Pontifical High Mass at the Throne in the
Extraordinary Form.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In other words, it
is all of a package.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course this can
be interpreted a number of ways.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
contemporary liturgy might be watering down our moral sensibility and
diminishing our sense of right and wrong whereas the rubrical rigor of the old
Mass kept us all corralled into sinless lives. Or, on the other hand, perhaps
the contemporary Liturgy is allowing us to perceive the Gospel in a new light: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>one that shows us through the Good Samaritan,
through the good thief, through the Pharisee and the Publican, through Jesus
having table fellowship with sinners, through the woman in the house of Simon
the Pharisee, and even through those gentile magi, that in God’s sight life is
not lived in the black and white.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To whichever
interpretation one is inclined, it is another clear indication that we have two
Churches that are drifting further and further apart.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1900800634479346046.post-78480466230229816972016-04-13T13:20:00.001-07:002016-04-13T13:20:27.167-07:00Foundations of the Anglican Church CXXVIII<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTN3-dWq_RSuxnYQARplFwGzcPRONKajlsdwz5QcKHm8obo1_mKzFKKwwxrFOLp2sV0wko4LXW6QQBQ8KPjCItY6c75GbXM83hE3tmDC3jlDVGGBe2xZXpzeVqpL08NWBAJplu4ksW0BdG/s1600/stsidwells2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTN3-dWq_RSuxnYQARplFwGzcPRONKajlsdwz5QcKHm8obo1_mKzFKKwwxrFOLp2sV0wko4LXW6QQBQ8KPjCItY6c75GbXM83hE3tmDC3jlDVGGBe2xZXpzeVqpL08NWBAJplu4ksW0BdG/s1600/stsidwells2.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">Saint Sidwell's, Exeter before it<br />was destroyed in WWII.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">A reader recently asked me if I were going to
continue my series on the Church of England. I had left off with the Oxford
movement and, frankly, thought it was as good a place as any to finish up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the Church of England has continued
beyond the Oxford Movement—some might say in spite of it—so maybe a few more
entries are in order.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">There was a High Church movement in the Church of
England long before the famous Assize Sermon preached by John Keble at the
University Church of Saint Mary Oxford on July 14, 1833 triggered the
Tractarian movement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Originally the High
Church movement was concerned not so much with questions of ritual as much as doctrinal
orthodoxy and patristic sacramentology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
the romanticism of the early 19<sup>th</sup> century led some of the High
Church party into a desire to restore medieval—i.e. Catholic—practices into the
Church of England.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This move did not
fail to meet with opposition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">In 1844, 11 years after the famous sermon that
triggered the Oxford Movement, three years after the final tract appeared, and
one year before John Henry Newman was received into the Catholic Church, Henry
Phillpotts, bishop of Exeter, along with his Cathedral chapter issued an edict
that the priests of his diocese were—in accordance with the rubric in the
Prayer Book—to wear the surplice while officiating at the altar or
preaching.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even the most
Puritan-influenced Prayer Book, Elizabeth’s 1559 Book, had required the
surplice but it had, in practice, all but fallen out of fashion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Priests typically worn the black preaching
gown with tabs over the cassock rather than any sort of vestments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One January Sunday in 1845 the Reverend
Francis Courtenay, perpetual curate of Saint Sidwell’s Church in Exeter,
mounted the pulpit in a surplice, per the bishop’s directions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>John Henry Newman describes the ensuing
scene: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">"The uproar commenced," says a contemporary account,
"with a general coughing down; several persons then moved to the door
making a great noise in their progress; a young woman went off in a fit of
hysterics, uttering loud shrieks, whilst a mob outside besieged the doors of the
building. A cry of 'fire' was raised, followed by an announcement that the
church doors were closed, and a rush was made to burst them open. Some cried
out, 'Turn him out,' 'Pull it off him.' In the galleries the uproar was at its
height, whistling, cat-calls, hurrahing, and such cries as are heard in
theatres, echoed throughout the edifice. The preacher still persisted to read
his text, but was quite inaudible; and the row increased, some of the
congregation waving their hats, standing on the seats, jumping over them,
bawling, roaring, and gesticulating, like a mob at an election. The reverend
gentleman, in the midst of the confusion, despatched a message to the mayor,
requesting his assistance, when one of the congregation addressed the people,
and also requested the preacher to remove the cause of the ill-feeling which
had been excited. Then another addressed him in no measured terms, and insisted
on his leaving the pulpit. At length the mayor, the superintendent of the
police, several constables, also the chancellor and the archdeacon, arrived.
The mayor enforced silence, and, after admonishing the people, requested the
clergy-man to leave the pulpit for a few minutes, which he declined to do,—gave
out his text, and proceeded with his discourse. The damage done to the interior
of the church is said to be very considerable." <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">Surplice riots took place not only in Exeter but
in several places throughout England as High Church clergy tried to reintroduce
the vestment, but it needs to be contextualized.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">The late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries
were a time when the ancestors of today’s prim and placid Englishmen were rife
for trouble.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lord George Gordon had
incited riots in 1780 when there was a move in Parliament to remove civil disabilities
from Catholics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As Catholicism was
growing in England there was a strong reaction on the part of the Protestant
working class who resented any social change that benefited those other than
themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Industrial Revolution in
England had created an enormous working class living in poverty and a small but
rising bourgeoisie who were finding their way into parliament and power<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was political turmoil as well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The young queen, Victoria, had incurred
considerable unpopularity because of her dependence on Lord Melbourne even when
Melbourne was out of power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two attempts
(both unsuccessful, of course) were made on Victoria’s life between 1840 and
1842.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Riots would break out again when
Pius IX restored a Catholic hierarchy to England in 1850.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All in all politics, religion, economics
would provide tinder for any explosion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Despite
the fuss over surplices, Catholic practices such as vestments, altar ornaments,
and incense, would find themselves at home in (many) Anglican churches very
quickly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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